--- title: Jeremiah 21:4 — Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Behold, I will turn back the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans, that besiege you without the walls, and I will gather them into the midst of this city. Who acts: LORD, I, weapons, y --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.21.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/21/) / 21:4 # Jeremiah 21:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, I, weapons, ye, Chaldeans · **What happens:** say, turn back, be, fight, besiege, gather · **To what, where:** weapons, hands, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 21:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, weapons, ye, Chaldeans — and what happens in the verse to weapons, hands, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֣י מֵסֵב֮ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיֶדְכֶם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם נִלְחָמִ֣ים בָּ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ בָּבֶל֙ וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַצָּרִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם מִח֖וּץ לַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ [Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans, that besiege you without the walls, and I will gather them into the midst of this city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.570/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:496 # text = כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֣י מֵסֵב֮ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיֶדְכֶם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם נִלְחָמִ֣ים בָּ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ בָּבֶל֙ וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַצָּרִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם מִח֖וּץ לַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ # verse = JER.21.4 1 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_21:4!1|MId=o240210040011|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 2 אָמַ֨ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_21:4!2|MId=o240210040021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240210040031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_21:4!3|MId=o240210040031|Strong=3068 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JER_21:4!4|MId=o240210040041|Strong=0430 5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JER_21:4!5|MId=o240210040051|Strong=3478 6-7 הִנְנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=JER_21:4!6|MId=o240210040061|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 7 ְנִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_21:4!6|MId=o240210040062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 מֵסֵב֮ סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about.to.turn.round|Ref=JER_21:4!7|MId=o240210040071|Strong=5437|Frame=AA:240210040062;A0:240210040091;|Type=participle_active 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_21:4!8|MId=o240210040081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 כְּלֵ֣י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=the.weapons|Ref=JER_21:4!9|MId=o240210040091|Strong=3627 11-12 הַמִּלְחָמָה֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_21:4!10|MId=o240210040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מִּלְחָמָה֮ מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=JER_21:4!10|MId=o240210040102|Strong=4421 13 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_21:4!11|MId=o240210040111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14-16 בְּיֶדְכֶם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=JER_21:4!12|MId=o240210040121|Strong=0871a 15 יֶד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JER_21:4!12|MId=o240210040122|Strong=3027 16 ְכֶם֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_21:4!12|MId=o240210040123|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_21:4!13|MId=o240210040131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18 אַתֶּ֜ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_21:4!14|MId=o240210040141|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 19 נִלְחָמִ֣ים לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].fighting|Ref=JER_21:4!15|MId=o240210040151|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:240210040141;|Type=participle_active 20-21 בָּ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_21:4!16|MId=o240210040161|Strong=0871a 21 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_21:4!16|MId=o240210040162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_21:4!17|MId=o240210040171|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 23 מֶ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_21:4!18|MId=o240210040181|Strong=4428 24 בָּבֶל֙ בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_21:4!19|MId=o240210040191|Strong=0894 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_21:4!20|MId=o240210040201|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_21:4!20|MId=o240210040202|Strong=0854 27-28 הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_21:4!21|MId=o240210040211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים כַּשְׂדִּים PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Chaldeans|Ref=JER_21:4!21|MId=o240210040212|Strong=3778 29-30 הַצָּרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=JER_21:4!22|MId=o240210040221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 צָּרִ֣ים צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 28 acl:relcl _ Gloss=are].laying.siege|Ref=JER_21:4!22|MId=o240210040222|Strong=6696|Frame=A0:240210040212;|Type=participle_active 31-32 עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_21:4!23|MId=o240210040231|Strong=5921 32 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_21:4!23|MId=o240210040232|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 33-34 מִח֖וּץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_21:4!24|MId=o240210040241|Strong=4480 34 ח֖וּץ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=outside|Ref=JER_21:4!24|MId=o240210040242|Strong=2351 35-37 לַֽחוֹמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_21:4!25|MId=o240210040251|Strong=3807a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_21:4!25|MId=o240210040251ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 חוֹמָ֑ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 nmod _ Gloss=wall|Ref=JER_21:4!25|MId=o240210040252|Strong=2346 38-39 וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_21:4!26|MId=o240210040261|Strong=2050b 39 אָסַפְתִּ֣י אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=I.will.gather|Ref=JER_21:4!26|MId=o240210040262|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:240210040031;A1:240210040272;|Type=weqatal 40-41 אוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_21:4!27|MId=o240210040271|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 41 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_21:4!27|MId=o240210040272|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 42 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_21:4!28|MId=o240210040281|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 43 תּ֖וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JER_21:4!29|MId=o240210040291|Strong=8432 44-45 הָעִ֥יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_21:4!30|MId=o240210040301|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 עִ֥יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JER_21:4!30|MId=o240210040302|Strong=5892 46-47 הַזֹּֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_21:4!31|MId=o240210040311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 זֹּֽאת זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 45 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_21:4!31|MId=o240210040312|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=JER_21:4!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | מֵסֵב *\[am\] about to turn round* | participle active · hiphil | כְּלֵי *the weapons* | | | ְנִי *I* | | נִלְחָמִים *\[are\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | צָּרִים *are\] laying siege* | participle active · qal | כַּשְׂדִּים *Chaldeans* | | | | | אָסַפְתִּי *I will gather* | weqatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל הָאֲנָא מַסְחַר יַת מָאנֵי קְרָבָא דִבְיֶדְכוֹן דְאַתּוּן מְגִיחִין קְרָבָא בְהוֹן עִם מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל וְעִם כַּשְׂדָאֵי דְצָיְרִין עֲלֵיכוֹן מִבָּרָא לְשׁוּרָא וַאֲכַנֵשׁ יַתְהוֹן לְגוֹ קַרְתָּא הָדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans, that besiege you without the walls, and I will gather them into the midst of this city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.570/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:496`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 21:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.21.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 21:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.21.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/21/)