--- title: Jeremiah 23:10 — For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right. Who acts: land, course, force. Jeremiah 23:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/) / 23:10 # Jeremiah 23:10 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** land, course, force · **What happens:** be, mourn, dry up, not be · **To what, where:** pastures This is Jeremiah 23:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, course, force — and what happens in the verse to pastures, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֤י מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֤י אָלָה֙ אָבְלָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ יָבְשׁ֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וַתְּהִ֤י מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ רָעָ֔ה וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם לֹא־כֵֽן׃ [For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.626/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:546 # text = כִּ֤י מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֤י אָלָה֙ אָבְלָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ יָבְשׁ֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וַתְּהִ֤י מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ רָעָ֔ה וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם לֹא־כֵֽן׃ # verse = JER.23.10 1 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_23:10!1|MId=o240230100011|Strong=3588 2 מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 3 obl:npmod _ Gloss=adulterers|Ref=JER_23:10!2|MId=o240230100021|Strong=5003|Type=participle_active 3 מָלְאָ֣ה מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.is.full|Ref=JER_23:10!3|MId=o240230100031|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:240230100042;|Type=qatal 4-5 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_23:10!4|MId=o240230100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_23:10!4|MId=o240230100042|Strong=0776 6 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_23:10!5|MId=o240230100051|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 מִפְּנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_23:10!6|MId=o240230100061|Strong=4480 8 פְּנֵ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_23:10!6|MId=o240230100062|Strong=6440 9 אָלָה֙ אָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.curse|Ref=JER_23:10!7|MId=o240230100071|Strong=0423 10 אָבְלָ֣ה אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.dried.up|Ref=JER_23:10!8|MId=o240230100081|Strong=0056a|Frame=A0:240230100092;|Type=qatal 11-12 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_23:10!9|MId=o240230100091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_23:10!9|MId=o240230100092|Strong=0776 13 יָבְשׁ֖וּ יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.become.dry|Ref=JER_23:10!10|MId=o240230100101|Strong=3001|Frame=A0:240230100111;|Type=qatal 14 נְא֣וֹת נָוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].pastures|Ref=JER_23:10!11|MId=o240230100111|Strong=4999 15 מִדְבָּ֑ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].wilderness|Ref=JER_23:10!12|MId=o240230100121|Strong=4057 16-17 וַתְּהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:10!13|MId=o240230100131|Strong=2050b 17 תְּהִ֤י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=it.has.become|Ref=JER_23:10!13|MId=o240230100132|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240230100141;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מְרֽוּצָת מְרוּצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=[of.life]|Ref=JER_23:10!14|MId=o240230100141|Strong=4794 19 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.course|Ref=JER_23:10!14|MId=o240230100142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 רָעָ֔ה רַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JER_23:10!15|MId=o240230100151|Strong=7451b|Type=adjective 21-23 וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:10!16|MId=o240230100161|Strong=2050b 22 גְבוּרָת גְּבוּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=strength|Ref=JER_23:10!16|MId=o240230100162|Strong=1369 23 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_23:10!16|MId=o240230100163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=[is].not|Ref=JER_23:10!17|MId=o240230100171|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 כֵֽן כֵּן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=right|Ref=JER_23:10!18|MId=o240230100181|Strong=3651a|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_23:10!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָלְאָה *it is full* | qatal · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | אָבְלָה *it has dried up* | qatal · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | יָבְשׁוּ *they have become dry* | qatal · qal | נְאוֹת *\[the\] pastures* | | | | | תְּהִי *it has become* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְרֽוּצָת *\[of life\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי זַנָאִין אִתְמְלִיאַת אַרְעָא אֲרֵי מִן קֳדָם מוֹמֵי דִשְׁקַר חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעָא יְבִישׁוּ דִידָוַת מַדְבְּרָא וְעַל דְמַסְגָן בִּרְעוּת נַפְשֵׁיהוֹן בִּישְׁתָּא תֵּיתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן וְגִבְּרֵהוֹן לָא יַצְלְחוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.626/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:546`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 23:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.9/) - next →: [Jeremiah 23:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.11/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/)