--- title: Jeremiah 23:12 — Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery places in the dar… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery places in the darkness, they shall be thrust, and fall therein; for I will bring evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith the LORD. Who acts: way, I, LORD, prophets. Jeremiah 23:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/) / 23:12 # Jeremiah 23:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** way, I, LORD, prophets · **What happens:** be, thrust, fall, bring, say, visit · **To what, where:** prophets, evil · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 23:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — way, I, LORD, prophets — and what happens in the verse to prophets, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵן֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה דַרְכָּ֜ם לָהֶ֗ם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה יִדַּ֖חוּ וְנָ֣פְלוּ בָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם רָעָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery places in the darkness, they shall be thrust, and fall therein; for I will bring evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.628/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:548 # text = לָכֵן֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה דַרְכָּ֜ם לָהֶ֗ם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה יִדַּ֖חוּ וְנָ֣פְלוּ בָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם רָעָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = JER.23.12 1-2 לָכֵן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_23:12!1|MId=o240230120011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵן֩ כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_23:12!1|MId=o240230120012|Strong=3651 3 יִֽהְיֶ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=JER_23:12!2|MId=o240230120021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240230120031;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 דַרְכָּ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 דַרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=path|Ref=JER_23:12!3|MId=o240230120031|Strong=1870 5 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_23:12!3|MId=o240230120032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6-7 לָהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_23:12!4|MId=o240230120041|Strong=3807a 7 ָהֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 parataxis _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_23:12!4|MId=o240230120042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-9 כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_23:12!5|MId=o240230120051|Strong=3509a 9 חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=slippery.places|Ref=JER_23:12!5|MId=o240230120052|Strong=2519 10-12 בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_23:12!6|MId=o240230120061|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_23:12!6|MId=o240230120061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אֲפֵלָ֔ה אֲפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=JER_23:12!6|MId=o240230120062|Strong=0653 13 יִדַּ֖חוּ דָּחַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.pushed.down|Ref=JER_23:12!7|MId=o240230120071|Strong=1760a|Frame=A1:240230110031;240230110051;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 וְנָ֣פְלוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:12!8|MId=o240230120081|Strong=2050b 15 נָ֣פְלוּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.fall|Ref=JER_23:12!8|MId=o240230120082|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:240230110031;240230110051;|Type=weqatal 16-17 בָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_23:12!9|MId=o240230120091|Strong=0871a 17 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_23:12!9|MId=o240230120092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_23:12!10|MId=o240230120101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 אָבִ֨יא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.bring|Ref=JER_23:12!11|MId=o240230120111|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:240230110121;A0:240230120131;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_23:12!12|MId=o240230120121|Strong=5921 21 הֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_23:12!12|MId=o240230120122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 רָעָ֛ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=JER_23:12!13|MId=o240230120131|Strong=7451b 23 שְׁנַ֥ת שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.year|Ref=JER_23:12!14|MId=o240230120141|Strong=8141 24-25 פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 פְּקֻדָּת פְּקֻדָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.punishment|Ref=JER_23:12!15|MId=o240230120151|Strong=6486 25 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_23:12!15|MId=o240230120152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_23:12!16|MId=o240230120161|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 27 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_23:12!17|MId=o240230120171|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_23:12!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִֽהְיֶה *it will become* | yiqtol · qal | דַרְכּ *path* | | | | | יִדַּחוּ *they will be pushed down* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | נָפְלוּ *they will fall* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | אָבִיא *I will bring* | yiqtol · hiphil | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן תְּהֵי אוֹרְחַתְהוֹן לָהוֹן כְּמַשְׁרוֹעִין בְּקִבְלָא יִתְקְלוּן וְיִפְּלוּן בָּהּ אֲרֵי אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן בִּישְׁתָא שְׁנַת סְעוֹרָן חוֹבֵיהוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery places in the darkness, they shall be thrust, and fall therein; for I will bring evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.628/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:548`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 23:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.11/) - next →: [Jeremiah 23:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.13/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/)