--- title: Jeremiah 23:14 — But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies, and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them become unto Me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah. Who acts: I, prophets, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/) / 23:14 # Jeremiah 23:14 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, prophets, none · **What happens:** see, commit, walk, strengthen, return, be · **To what, where:** horrible thing, prophets, adultery, lies, hands, wickedness This is Jeremiah 23:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, prophets, none — and what happens in the verse to horrible thing, prophets, adultery, lies, hands, wickedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם רָאִ֣יתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה נָא֞וֹף וְהָלֹ֤ךְ בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ וְחִזְּקוּ֙ יְדֵ֣י מְרֵעִ֔ים לְבִ֨לְתִּי־שָׁ֔בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ הָֽיוּ־לִ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כִּסְדֹ֔ם וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲמֹרָֽה׃ס [But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies, and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them become unto Me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.630/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:550 # text = וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם רָאִ֣יתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה נָא֞וֹף וְהָלֹ֤ךְ בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ וְחִזְּקוּ֙ יְדֵ֣י מְרֵעִ֔ים לְבִ֨לְתִּי־שָׁ֔בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ הָֽיוּ־לִ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כִּסְדֹ֔ם וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲמֹרָֽה׃ס # verse = JER.23.14 1-3 וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:14!1|MId=o240230140011|Strong=2050b 2 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JER_23:14!1|MId=o240230140012|Strong=0871a 3 נְבִאֵ֨י נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=the.prophets|Ref=JER_23:14!1|MId=o240230140013|Strong=5030 4 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JER_23:14!2|MId=o240230140021|Strong=3389 5 רָאִ֣יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.seen|Ref=JER_23:14!3|MId=o240230140031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240230120171;A1:240230140041;|Type=qatal 6 שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה שַׁעֲרוּר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=a.horrible.[thing]|Ref=JER_23:14!4|MId=o240230140041|Strong=8186 7 נָא֞וֹף נָאַף VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.committed.adultery|Ref=JER_23:14!5|MId=o240230140051|Strong=5003|Frame=A0:240230140013;|Type=infinitive_absolute 8-9 וְהָלֹ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:14!6|MId=o240230140061|Strong=2050b 9 הָלֹ֤ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 conj _ Gloss=they.have.walked|Ref=JER_23:14!6|MId=o240230140062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240230140013;|Type=infinitive_absolute 10-12 בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_23:14!7|MId=o240230140071|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_23:14!7|MId=o240230140071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ שֶׁקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=falsehood|Ref=JER_23:14!7|MId=o240230140072|Strong=8267 13-14 וְחִזְּקוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:14!8|MId=o240230140081|Strong=2050b 14 חִזְּקוּ֙ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.have.strengthened|Ref=JER_23:14!8|MId=o240230140082|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:240230140013;A1:240230140091;|Type=qatal 15 יְדֵ֣י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 14 obj _ Gloss=the.hands|Ref=JER_23:14!9|MId=o240230140091|Strong=3027 16 מְרֵעִ֔ים רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.evil-doers|Ref=JER_23:14!10|MId=o240230140101|Strong=7489|Type=participle_active 17-18 לְבִ֨לְתִּי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_23:14!11|MId=o240230140111|Strong=3807a 18 בִ֨לְתִּי־ בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_23:14!11|MId=o240230140112|Strong=1115 19 שָׁ֔בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.turned.away|Ref=JER_23:14!12|MId=o240230140121|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240230140101;|Type=qatal 20 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JER_23:14!13|MId=o240230140131|Strong=0376 21-23 מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_23:14!14|MId=o240230140141|Strong=4480 22 רָֽעָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JER_23:14!14|MId=o240230140142|Strong=7451b 23 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_23:14!14|MId=o240230140143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 הָֽיוּ־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=they.have.become|Ref=JER_23:14!15|MId=o240230140151|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240230140172;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 לִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_23:14!16|MId=o240230140161|Strong=3807a 26 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 parataxis _ Gloss=me|Ref=JER_23:14!16|MId=o240230140162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 כֻלָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=JER_23:14!17|MId=o240230140171|Strong=3605 28 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_23:14!17|MId=o240230140172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 כִּסְדֹ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_23:14!18|MId=o240230140181|Strong=3509a 30 סְדֹ֔ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=Sodom|Ref=JER_23:14!18|MId=o240230140182|Strong=5467 31-33 וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:14!19|MId=o240230140191|Strong=2050b 32 יֹשְׁבֶ֖י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=inhabitants|Ref=JER_23:14!19|MId=o240230140192|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 33 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_23:14!19|MId=o240230140193|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 34-35 כַּעֲמֹרָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_23:14!20|MId=o240230140201|Strong=3509a 35 עֲמֹרָֽה עֲמֹרָה PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Gomorrah|Ref=JER_23:14!20|MId=o240230140202|Strong=6017 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JER_23:14!20|SpaceAfter=No 37 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JER_23:14!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I have seen* | qatal · qal | | שַׁעֲרוּרָה *a horrible \[thing\]* | | | | נָאוֹף *they have committed adultery* | infinitive absolute · qal | נְבִאֵי *the prophets* | | | | | הָלֹךְ *they have walked* | infinitive absolute · qal | נְבִאֵי *the prophets* | | | | | חִזְּקוּ *they have strengthened* | qatal · piel | נְבִאֵי *the prophets* | יְדֵי *the hands* | | | | שָׁבוּ *they have turned away* | qatal · qal | מְרֵעִים *of evil-doers* | | | | | הָֽיוּ־ *they have become* | qatal · qal | ָם *all* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבִנְבִיֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם חֲזִיתֵי שְׁנוֹ זַנָאִין וּמְהַלְכִין בִּשְׁקַר וּמַתְקְפִין יַד מִבְאֲשִׁין בְּדִיל דְלָא לְמֵיתַב גְבַר מִן בִּישְׁתֵיהּ הֲווֹ קָדָמַי כּוּלְהוֹן כִּסְדוֹם וְיָתְבְהָא כַּעֲמוֹרָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies, and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them become unto Me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.630/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:550`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 23:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.13/) - next →: [Jeremiah 23:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.15/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/)