--- title: Jeremiah 23:15 — Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets: Beho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets: Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall; for from the prophets of Jerusalem is ungodliness gone forth into all the land. Who acts: LORD, I, prophets, ungodliness. Jeremiah 23:15 in Hebrew with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/) / 23:15 # Jeremiah 23:15 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, I, prophets, ungodliness · **What happens:** say, feed, make, drink, go · **To what, where:** prophets, water · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 23:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, prophets, ungodliness — and what happens in the verse to prophets, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃פ [Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets: Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall; for from the prophets of Jerusalem is ungodliness gone forth into all the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.631/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:551 # text = לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃פ # verse = JER.23.15 1-2 לָכֵ֞ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_23:15!1|MId=o240230150011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֞ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_23:15!1|MId=o240230150012|Strong=3651 3 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_23:15!2|MId=o240230150021|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 4 אָמַ֨ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_23:15!3|MId=o240230150031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240230150041;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_23:15!4|MId=o240230150041|Strong=3068 6 צְבָאוֹת֙ צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=JER_23:15!5|MId=o240230150051|Strong=6635 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_23:15!6|MId=o240230150061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַנְּבִאִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_23:15!7|MId=o240230150071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נְּבִאִ֔ים נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=JER_23:15!7|MId=o240230150072|Strong=5030 10-11 הִנְנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=JER_23:15!8|MId=o240230150081|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 11 ְנִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_23:15!8|MId=o240230150082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12 מַאֲכִ֤יל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about.to.make.eat|Ref=JER_23:15!9|MId=o240230150091|Strong=0398|Frame=AA:240230150082;A0:240230150102;A1:240230150111;|Type=participle_active 13-14 אוֹתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_23:15!10|MId=o240230150101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_23:15!10|MId=o240230150102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15 לַֽעֲנָ֔ה לַעֲנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 xcomp _ Gloss=wormwood|Ref=JER_23:15!11|MId=o240230150111|Strong=3939 16-18 וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_23:15!12|MId=o240230150121|Strong=2050b 17 הִשְׁקִתִ֖י שָׁקָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_23:15!12|MId=o240230150122|Strong=8248|Frame=AA:240230150041;A0:240230150123;A1:240230150131;|Type=weqatal 18 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=will.make.them.drink|Ref=JER_23:15!12|MId=o240230150123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 מֵי־ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 xcomp _ Gloss=water|Ref=JER_23:15!13|MId=o240230150131|Strong=4325|SpaceAfter=No 20 רֹ֑אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.poison|Ref=JER_23:15!14|MId=o240230150141|Strong=7219 21 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_23:15!15|MId=o240230150151|Strong=3588 22-23 מֵאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_23:15!16|MId=o240230150161|Strong=4480 23 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_23:15!16|MId=o240230150162|Strong=0854 24 נְבִיאֵ֣י נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=the.prophets|Ref=JER_23:15!17|MId=o240230150171|Strong=5030 25 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JER_23:15!18|MId=o240230150181|Strong=3389 26 יָצְאָ֥ה יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.gone.out|Ref=JER_23:15!19|MId=o240230150191|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:240230150201;|Type=qatal 27 חֲנֻפָּ֖ה חֲנֻפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=wicked.behavior|Ref=JER_23:15!20|MId=o240230150201|Strong=2613 28-29 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_23:15!21|MId=o240230150211|Strong=3807a 29 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_23:15!21|MId=o240230150212|Strong=3605 30-31 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_23:15!22|MId=o240230150221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_23:15!22|MId=o240230150222|Strong=0776 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JER_23:15!22|SpaceAfter=No 33 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JER_23:15!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | מַאֲכִיל *\[am\] about to make eat* | participle active · hiphil | ָם *them* | לַֽעֲנָה *wormwood* | | ְנִי *I* | | הִשְׁקִתִי *I* | weqatal · hiphil | ם *will make them drink* | מֵי־ *water* | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יָצְאָה *it has gone out* | qatal · qal | חֲנֻפָּה *wicked behavior* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת עַל נְבִיֵי שִׁקְרָא הָאֲנָא מַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן עָקָא מְרַר כְּגִידִין וְאַשְׁקִינוּן כָּס דִלְוָט בִּישׁ כְּרֵישֵׁי חֵיוִין אֲרֵי מִן נְבִיֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם נְפָקֵית חַנֻפְתָּא לְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets: Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall; for from the prophets of Jerusalem is ungodliness gone forth into all the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.631/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:551`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 23:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.14/) - next →: [Jeremiah 23:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.16/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/23/)