--- title: Jeremiah 25:28 — And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thy hand to drink… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thy hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Ye shall surely drink. Who acts: kingdoms, thou, LORD, Ye. Jeremiah 25:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/) / 25:28 # Jeremiah 25:28 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** kingdoms, thou, LORD, Ye · **What happens:** refuse, not take, drink, say · **To what, where:** cup, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 25:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — kingdoms, thou, LORD, Ye — and what happens in the verse to cup, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֧י יְמָאֲנ֛וּ לָקַֽחַת־הַכּ֥וֹס מִיָּדְךָ֖ לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שָׁת֥וֹ תִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ [And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thy hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Ye shall surely drink.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.699/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:614 # text = וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֧י יְמָאֲנ֛וּ לָקַֽחַת־הַכּ֥וֹס מִיָּדְךָ֖ לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שָׁת֥וֹ תִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ # verse = JER.25.28 1-2 וְהָיָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:28!1|MId=o240250280011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֗ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JER_25:28!1|MId=o240250280012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_25:28!2|MId=o240250280021|Strong=3588 4 יְמָאֲנ֛וּ מָאֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.refuse|Ref=JER_25:28!3|MId=o240250280031|Strong=3985|Frame=A0:240250260122;240250260182;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 לָקַֽחַת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:28!4|MId=o240250280041|Strong=3807a 6 קַֽחַת־ לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 xcomp _ Gloss=take|Ref=JER_25:28!4|MId=o240250280042|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:240250260122;240250260182;A1:240250280052;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 הַכּ֥וֹס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_25:28!5|MId=o240250280051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 כּ֥וֹס כּוֹס NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=cup|Ref=JER_25:28!5|MId=o240250280052|Strong=3563 9-11 מִיָּדְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_25:28!6|MId=o240250280061|Strong=4480 10 יָּד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JER_25:28!6|MId=o240250280062|Strong=3027 11 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_25:28!6|MId=o240250280063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-13 לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:28!7|MId=o240250280071|Strong=3807a 13 שְׁתּ֑וֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=drink|Ref=JER_25:28!7|MId=o240250280072|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:240250260122;240250260182;A1:240250280052;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:28!8|MId=o240250280081|Strong=2050b 15 אָמַרְתָּ֣ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=JER_25:28!8|MId=o240250280082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240250130191;|Type=weqatal 16-17 אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:28!9|MId=o240250280091|Strong=0413 17 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_25:28!9|MId=o240250280092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 כֹּ֥ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_25:28!10|MId=o240250280101|Strong=3541 19 אָמַ֛ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_25:28!11|MId=o240250280111|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240250280121;|Type=qatal 20 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_25:28!12|MId=o240250280121|Strong=3068 21 צְבָא֖וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=JER_25:28!13|MId=o240250280131|Strong=6635 22 שָׁת֥וֹ שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(drink)|Ref=JER_25:28!14|MId=o240250280141|Strong=8354|Type=infinitive_absolute 23 תִשְׁתּֽוּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 19 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.drink|Ref=JER_25:28!15|MId=o240250280151|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:240250260122;240250260182;A1:240250280052;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JER_25:28!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְמָאֲנוּ *they will refuse* | yiqtol · piel | | | | | | קַֽחַת־ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | | כּוֹס *cup* | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | | כּוֹס *cup* | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | תִשְׁתּֽוּ *you will drink* | yiqtol · qal | | כּוֹס *cup* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי אֲרֵי יְסָרְבוּן לְקַבָּלָא כַּסָא מִן יְדָךְ לְמִשְׁתֵּי וְתֵימַר לְהוֹן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת מִשְׁתָּא תִשְׁתּוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thy hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Ye shall surely drink.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.699/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:614`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 25:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.27/) - next →: [Jeremiah 25:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.29/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/)