--- title: Jeremiah 25:31 — A noise is come even to the end of the earth; for the LORD hath a co… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: A noise is come even to the end of the earth; for the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, He doth plead with all flesh; as for the wicked, He hath given them to the sword, saith the LORD. Who acts: LORD. Jeremiah 25:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/) / 25:31 # Jeremiah 25:31 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** come, have, plead, give, say · **To what, where:** noise, controversy, nations, sword · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 25:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD — and what happens in the verse to noise, controversy, nations, sword, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בָּ֤א שָׁאוֹן֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ס [A noise is come even to the end of the earth; for the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, He doth plead with all flesh; as for the wicked, He hath given them to the sword, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.703/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:617 # text = בָּ֤א שָׁאוֹן֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ס # verse = JER.25.31 1 בָּ֤א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.come|Ref=JER_25:31!1|MId=o240250310011|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:240250310021;|Type=qatal 2 שָׁאוֹן֙ שָׁאוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=an.uproar|Ref=JER_25:31!2|MId=o240250310021|Strong=7588 3 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:31!3|MId=o240250310031|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 4 קְצֵ֣ה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=JER_25:31!4|MId=o240250310041|Strong=7097 5-6 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_25:31!5|MId=o240250310051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=JER_25:31!5|MId=o240250310052|Strong=0776 7 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_25:31!6|MId=o240250310061|Strong=3588 8 רִ֤יב רִיב NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.controversy|Ref=JER_25:31!7|MId=o240250310071|Strong=7379 9-10 לַֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=JER_25:31!8|MId=o240250310081|Strong=3807a 10 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 advcl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_25:31!8|MId=o240250310082|Strong=3068 11-13 בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_25:31!9|MId=o240250310091|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_25:31!9|MId=o240250310091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JER_25:31!9|MId=o240250310092|Strong=1471 14 נִשְׁפָּ֥ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].about.to.enter.into.judgment|Ref=JER_25:31!10|MId=o240250310101|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:240250310111;|Type=participle_active 15 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_25:31!11|MId=o240250310111|Strong=1931|Type=personal 16-17 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:31!12|MId=o240250310121|Strong=3807a 17 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_25:31!12|MId=o240250310122|Strong=3605 18 בָּשָׂ֑ר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=flesh|Ref=JER_25:31!13|MId=o240250310131|Strong=1320 19-20 הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.wicked|Ref=JER_25:31!14|MId=o240250310141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 רְשָׁעִ֛ים רָשָׁע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 dislocated _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=JER_25:31!14|MId=o240250310142|Strong=7563|Type=adjective 21-22 נְתָנָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 נְתָנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_25:31!15|MId=o240250310151|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240250310082;A1:240250310152;|Type=qatal 22 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=has.delivered.them.up|Ref=JER_25:31!15|MId=o240250310152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-25 לַחֶ֖רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:31!16|MId=o240250310161|Strong=3807a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_25:31!16|MId=o240250310161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 חֶ֖רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_25:31!16|MId=o240250310162|Strong=2719 26 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_25:31!17|MId=o240250310171|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 27 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_25:31!18|MId=o240250310181|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_25:31!18|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_25:31!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּא *it has come* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוֹן *an uproar* | | | | | נִשְׁפָּט *\[is\] about to enter into judgment* | participle active · niphal | הוּא *he* | | | | | נְתָנ *he* | qatal · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | ָם *has delivered them up* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מְטָא אִתְרְגוֹשָׁא עַד סְיָפֵי אַרְעָא אֲרֵי דִינָא קֳדָם יְיָ בְּעַמְמַיָא מִתְפְּרַע הוּא לְכָל בִּשְׂרָא רַשִׁיעַיָא דִבְּהוֹן מַסְרִינוּן לְקַטָלָא אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [A noise is come even to the end of the earth; for the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, He doth plead with all flesh; as for the wicked, He hath given them to the sword, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.703/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:617`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 25:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.30/) - next →: [Jeremiah 25:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.32/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/)