--- title: Jeremiah 25:38 — He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger. Who acts: fold. Jeremiah 25:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/) / 25:38 # Jeremiah 25:38 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** fold · **What happens:** forsake, become, anger · **To what, where:** covert, land This is Jeremiah 25:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fold — and what happens in the verse to covert, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲר֣וֹן הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃פ [He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.711/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:624 # text = עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲר֣וֹן הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃פ # verse = JER.25.38 1 עָזַ֥ב עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.left|Ref=JER_25:38!1|MId=o240250380011|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:240250370071;A1:240250380031;|Type=qatal 2-4 כַּכְּפִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=like.(the)|Ref=JER_25:38!2|MId=o240250380021|Strong=3509a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=young|Ref=JER_25:38!2|MId=o240250380021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 כְּפִ֖יר כְּפִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=lion|Ref=JER_25:38!2|MId=o240250380022|Strong=3715 5-6 סֻכּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 סֻכּ סֹךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=lair|Ref=JER_25:38!3|MId=o240250380031|Strong=5520 6 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_25:38!3|MId=o240250380032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_25:38!4|MId=o240250380041|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 8 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 cop _ Gloss=it.has.become|Ref=JER_25:38!5|MId=o240250380051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240250380061;|Type=qatal 9-10 אַרְצָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_25:38!6|MId=o240250380061|Strong=0776 10 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_25:38!6|MId=o240250380062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-12 לְשַׁמָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=JER_25:38!7|MId=o240250380071|Strong=3807a 12 שַׁמָּ֔ה שַׁמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ Gloss=waste|Ref=JER_25:38!7|MId=o240250380072|Strong=8047 13-14 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_25:38!8|MId=o240250380081|Strong=4480 14 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_25:38!8|MId=o240250380082|Strong=6440 15 חֲר֣וֹן חָרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.anger|Ref=JER_25:38!9|MId=o240250380091|Strong=2740 16-17 הַיּוֹנָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_25:38!10|MId=o240250380101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 יּוֹנָ֔ה יָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.oppressor|Ref=JER_25:38!10|MId=o240250380102|Strong=3238|Type=participle_active 18-20 וּמִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:38!11|MId=o240250380111|Strong=2050b 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_25:38!11|MId=o240250380112|Strong=4480 20 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_25:38!11|MId=o240250380113|Strong=6440 21 חֲר֥וֹן חָרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.burning|Ref=JER_25:38!12|MId=o240250380121|Strong=2740 22-23 אַפּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.anger|Ref=JER_25:38!13|MId=o240250380131|Strong=0639 23 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_25:38!13|MId=o240250380132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JER_25:38!13|SpaceAfter=No 25 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JER_25:38!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָזַב *he has left* | qatal · qal | | סֻכּ *lair* | | | | הָיְתָה *it has become* | qatal · qal | אַרְצ *land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} גְלָא מַלְכָּא מִכְּרַכֵּיהּ אֲרֵי הֲוַת אַרְעֲהוֹן לְצָדוּ מִן קֳדָם חֶרֶב סַנְאָה דְהִיא כַּחֲמַר מְרַוְיָא וּמִן קֳדָם תְּקוֹף רוּגְזֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.711/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:624`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 25:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.37/) - next →: [Jeremiah 26:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.26.1/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/)