--- title: Jeremiah 25:9 — behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/) / 25:9 # Jeremiah 25:9 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, LORD · **What happens:** send, take, say, bring, destroy, make · **To what, where:** families, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 25:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, LORD — and what happens in the verse to families, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ [behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.680/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:595 # text = הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ # verse = JER.25.9 1-2 הִנְנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=JER_25:9!1|MId=o240250090011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 ְנִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_25:9!1|MId=o240250090012|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 3 שֹׁלֵ֡חַ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[am].about.to.send|Ref=JER_25:9!2|MId=o240250090021|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240250090012;|Type=participle_active 4-5 וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!3|MId=o240250090031|Strong=2050b 5 לָקַחְתִּי֩ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.will.fetch|Ref=JER_25:9!3|MId=o240250090032|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:240250080041;A1:240250090061;|Type=weqatal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_25:9!4|MId=o240250090041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_25:9!5|MId=o240250090051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 8 מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].clans|Ref=JER_25:9!6|MId=o240250090061|Strong=4940 9 צָפ֜וֹן צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].north|Ref=JER_25:9!7|MId=o240250090071|Strong=6828 10 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_25:9!8|MId=o240250090081|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 11 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_25:9!9|MId=o240250090091|Strong=3068 12-13 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!10|MId=o240250090101|Strong=2050b 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_25:9!10|MId=o240250090102|Strong=0413 14 נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Nebuchadnezzar|Ref=JER_25:9!11|MId=o240250090111|Strong=5019 15 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_25:9!12|MId=o240250090121|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 16 בָּבֶל֮ בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_25:9!13|MId=o240250090131|Strong=0894 17-18 עַבְדִּי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=JER_25:9!14|MId=o240250090141|Strong=5650 18 ִי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_25:9!14|MId=o240250090142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-21 וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!15|MId=o240250090151|Strong=2050b 20 הֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_25:9!15|MId=o240250090152|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:240250090091;A0:240250090153;|Type=weqatal 21 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.them|Ref=JER_25:9!15|MId=o240250090153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_25:9!16|MId=o240250090161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הָאָ֤רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_25:9!17|MId=o240250090171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אָ֤רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_25:9!17|MId=o240250090172|Strong=0776 25-26 הַזֹּאת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_25:9!18|MId=o240250090181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 זֹּאת֙ זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_25:9!18|MId=o240250090182|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 27-28 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!19|MId=o240250090191|Strong=2050b 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_25:9!19|MId=o240250090192|Strong=5921 29-30 יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=inhabitants|Ref=JER_25:9!20|MId=o240250090201|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 30 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_25:9!20|MId=o240250090202|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְעַ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!21|MId=o240250090211|Strong=2050b 32 עַ֛ל עַל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_25:9!21|MId=o240250090212|Strong=5921 33 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_25:9!22|MId=o240250090221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַגּוֹיִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_25:9!23|MId=o240250090231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 גּוֹיִ֥ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JER_25:9!23|MId=o240250090232|Strong=1471 36-37 הָאֵ֖לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_25:9!24|MId=o240250090241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 35 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JER_25:9!24|MId=o240250090242|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 38 סָבִ֑יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 35 advmod _ Gloss=round.about|Ref=JER_25:9!25|MId=o240250090251|Strong=5439 39-41 וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!26|MId=o240250090261|Strong=2050b 40 הַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔י חָרַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_25:9!26|MId=o240250090262|Strong=2763|Frame=AA:240250090091;A0:240250090263;|Type=weqatal 41 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ Gloss=will.totally.destroy.them|Ref=JER_25:9!26|MId=o240250090263|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 42-44 וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!27|MId=o240250090271|Strong=2050b 43 שַׂמְתִּי שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_25:9!27|MId=o240250090272|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:240250090091;A1:240250090273;|Type=weqatal 44 ם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ Gloss=will.make.them|Ref=JER_25:9!27|MId=o240250090273|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45-46 לְשַׁמָּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_25:9!28|MId=o240250090281|Strong=3807a 46 שַׁמָּ֣ה שַׁמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=a.waste|Ref=JER_25:9!28|MId=o240250090282|Strong=8047 47-49 וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!29|MId=o240250090291|Strong=2050b 48 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_25:9!29|MId=o240250090292|Strong=3807a 49 שְׁרֵקָ֔ה שְׁרֵקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 46 conj _ Gloss=a.hissing|Ref=JER_25:9!29|MId=o240250090293|Strong=8322 50-52 וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 52 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_25:9!30|MId=o240250090301|Strong=2050b 51 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 52 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_25:9!30|MId=o240250090302|Strong=3807a 52 חָרְב֖וֹת חׇרְבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 46 conj _ Gloss=ruins|Ref=JER_25:9!30|MId=o240250090303|Strong=2723 53 עוֹלָֽם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 52 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=JER_25:9!31|MId=o240250090311|Strong=5769|SpaceAfter=No 54 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 53 punct _ Ref=JER_25:9!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שֹׁלֵחַ *\[am\] about to send* | participle active · qal | ְנִי *I* | | | | | לָקַחְתִּי *I will fetch* | weqatal · qal | | מִשְׁפְּחוֹת *\[the\] clans* | | | | הֲבִאֹתִי *I* | weqatal · hiphil | ם *will bring them* | | | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | הַחֲרַמְתִּי *I* | weqatal · hiphil | ם *will totally destroy them* | | | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | שַׂמְתִּי *I* | weqatal · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | ם *will make them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא אֲנָא שְׁלַח וַאֲדַבֵּר יַת כָּל מַלְכְּוַת צִפּוּנָא אֲמַר יְיָ וְלִנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַר מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל עַבְדִי וְאַיְתִינוּן עַל אַרְעָא הָדָא וְעַל יַתְבָהָא וְעַל כָּל עַמְמַיָא הָאִלֵין סְחוֹר סְחוֹר וֶאֱגַמְרִינוּן וַאֲשַׁוִינוּן לְצָדוּ וּלְאִשְׁתְּמָמוּ וּלְחָרְבַת עֲלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.680/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:595`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 25:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.8/) - next →: [Jeremiah 25:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.10/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/25/)