--- title: Jeremiah 26:18 — 'Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Jud… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah; and he spoke to all the people of Judah, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest. Who acts: Micah, LOR --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.26.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/26/) / 26:18 # Jeremiah 26:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Micah, LORD, Jerusalem · **What happens:** prophesy, speak, say, plow, become · **To what, where:** Zion, heaps · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 26:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Micah, LORD, Jerusalem — and what happens in the verse to Zion, heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִיכָה֙ הַמּ֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔י הָיָ֣ה נִבָּ֔א בִּימֵ֖י חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־כָּל־עַם֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה לֵאמֹ֜ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת צִיּ֞וֹן שָׂדֶ֤ה תֵֽחָרֵשׁ֙ וִירוּשָׁלַ֙יִם֙ עִיִּ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ ['Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah; and he spoke to all the people of Judah, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.729/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:642 # text = מִיכָה֙ הַמּ֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔י הָיָ֣ה נִבָּ֔א בִּימֵ֖י חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־כָּל־עַם֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה לֵאמֹ֜ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת צִיּ֞וֹן שָׂדֶ֤ה תֵֽחָרֵשׁ֙ וִירוּשָׁלַ֙יִם֙ עִיִּ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ # verse = JER.26.18 1 מִיכָה֙ מִיכָה PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Micah|Ref=JER_26:18!2|MId=o240260180021|Strong=4318 2-3 הַמּ֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_26:18!3|MId=o240260180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מּ֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔י מוֹרַשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=Morasthite|Ref=JER_26:18!3|MId=o240260180032|Strong=4183|Type=gentilic 4 הָיָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=JER_26:18!4|MId=o240260180041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240260180021;|Type=qatal 5 נִבָּ֔א נָבָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=prophesying|Ref=JER_26:18!5|MId=o240260180051|Strong=5012|Frame=A0:240260180021;|Type=participle_active 6-7 בִּימֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_26:18!6|MId=o240260180061|Strong=0871a 7 ימֵ֖י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=JER_26:18!6|MId=o240260180062|Strong=3117 8 חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ חִזְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hezekiah|Ref=JER_26:18!7|MId=o240260180071|Strong=2396a 9 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_26:18!8|MId=o240260180081|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_26:18!9|MId=o240260180091|Strong=3063 11-12 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_26:18!10|MId=o240260180101|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JER_26:18!10|MId=o240260180102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240260180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_26:18!11|MId=o240260180111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_26:18!12|MId=o240260180121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 עַם֩ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JER_26:18!13|MId=o240260180131|Strong=5971 16 יְהוּדָ֨ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_26:18!14|MId=o240260180141|Strong=3063 17-18 לֵאמֹ֜ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_26:18!15|MId=o240260180151|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֜ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_26:18!15|MId=o240260180152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240260180021;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_26:18!16|MId=o240260180161|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 20 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_26:18!17|MId=o240260180171|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240260180181;|Type=qatal 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JER_26:18!17 22 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_26:18!18|MId=o240260180181|Strong=3068 23 צְבָא֗וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=JER_26:18!19|MId=o240260180191|Strong=6635 24 צִיּ֞וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Zion|Ref=JER_26:18!20|MId=o240260180201|Strong=6726 25 שָׂדֶ֤ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=a.field|Ref=JER_26:18!21|MId=o240260180211|Strong=7704 26 תֵֽחָרֵשׁ֙ חָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 ccomp _ Gloss=it.will.be.plowed|Ref=JER_26:18!22|MId=o240260180221|Strong=2790|Frame=A1:240260180201;|Type=yiqtol 27-28 וִירוּשָׁלַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_26:18!23|MId=o240260180231|Strong=2050b 28 ירוּשָׁלַ֙יִם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 29 nsubj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=JER_26:18!23|MId=o240260180232|Strong=3389 29 עִיִּ֣ים עִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=heaps.of.ruins|Ref=JER_26:18!24|MId=o240260180241|Strong=5856 30 תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JER_26:18!25|MId=o240260180251|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240260180232;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 וְהַ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_26:18!26|MId=o240260180261|Strong=2050b 32 הַ֥ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=JER_26:18!26|MId=o240260180262|Strong=2022 33-34 הַבַּ֖יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_26:18!27|MId=o240260180271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 בַּ֖יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=JER_26:18!27|MId=o240260180272|Strong=1004 35-36 לְבָמ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(into).high|Ref=JER_26:18!28|MId=o240260180281|Strong=3807a 36 בָמ֥וֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=places|Ref=JER_26:18!28|MId=o240260180282|Strong=1116 37 יָֽעַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.forest|Ref=JER_26:18!29|MId=o240260180291|Strong=3293|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JER_26:18!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | מִיכָה *Micah* | | | | | נִבָּא *prophesying* | participle active · niphal | מִיכָה *Micah* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִיכָה *Micah* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מִיכָה *Micah* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | תֵֽחָרֵשׁ *it will be plowed* | yiqtol · niphal | | צִיּוֹן *Zion* | | | | תִּֽהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | ירוּשָׁלַיִם *Jerusalem* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִיכָה דְמִמָרֵישָׁא הֲוָה מִתְנַבֵּי בְּיוֹמֵי חִזְקִיָה מְלַךְ שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וַאֲמַר לְכָל עַמָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְמֵימָר כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת צִיוֹן חֲקַל תִּתְרְדֵי וִירוּשְׁלֵם לְיַגְרִין תְּהֵי וְטוּר בֵּית מַקְדְשָׁא דַייָ לְחִישַׁת חוּרְשָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah; and he spoke to all the people of Judah, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.729/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:642`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 26:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.26.17/) - next →: [Jeremiah 26:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.26.19/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/26/)