--- title: Jeremiah 3:1 — ...saying: If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and beco… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: ...saying: If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's, may he return unto her again? Will not that land be greatly polluted? But thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; and wouldest thou yet return to Me? saith the LORD. Who acts: man, wife, thou, LORD. Jeremiah --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/) / 3:1 # Jeremiah 3:1 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** man, wife, thou, LORD · **What happens:** say, put away, go, become, return, not pollute · **To what, where:** wife, man, land, harlot, Me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, wife, thou, LORD — and what happens in the verse to wife, man, land, harlot, Me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ [...saying: If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's, may he return unto her again?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.68/) [Will not that land be greatly polluted?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.69/) [But thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; and wouldest thou yet return to Me? saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.70/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:56 # text = לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ # verse = JER.3.1 1-2 לֵאמֹ֡ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לֵ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_3:1!1|MId=o240030010011|Strong=3807a 2 אמֹ֡ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_3:1!1|MId=o240030010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240020370101;|Type=infinitive_construct 3 הֵ֣ן הֵן INTJ _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JER_3:1!2|MId=o240030010021|Strong=2005|Type=demonstrative 4 יְשַׁלַּ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.send.away|Ref=JER_3:1!3|MId=o240030010031|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240030010041;A1:240030010061;|Type=yiqtol 5 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.husband|Ref=JER_3:1!4|MId=o240030010041|Strong=0376 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_3:1!5|MId=o240030010051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=wife|Ref=JER_3:1!6|MId=o240030010061|Strong=0802 8 וֹ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_3:1!6|MId=o240030010062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְהָלְכָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:1!7|MId=o240030010071|Strong=2050b 10 הָלְכָ֨ה הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=she.will.go|Ref=JER_3:1!7|MId=o240030010072|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240030010061;|Type=weqatal 11-13 מֵאִתּ֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_3:1!8|MId=o240030010081|Strong=4480 12 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_3:1!8|MId=o240030010082|Strong=0854 13 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JER_3:1!8|MId=o240030010083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְהָיְתָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:1!9|MId=o240030010091|Strong=2050b 15 הָיְתָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 cop _ Gloss=she.will.belong|Ref=JER_3:1!9|MId=o240030010092|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240030010061;|Type=weqatal 16-17 לְאִישׁ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:1!10|MId=o240030010101|Strong=3807a 17 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JER_3:1!10|MId=o240030010102|Strong=0376 18 אַחֵ֗ר אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=another|Ref=JER_3:1!11|MId=o240030010111|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 19-20 הֲיָשׁ֤וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=JER_3:1!12|MId=o240030010121|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 20 יָשׁ֤וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.return?|Ref=JER_3:1!12|MId=o240030010122|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240030010041;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:1!13|MId=o240030010131|Strong=0413 22 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_3:1!13|MId=o240030010132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 ע֔וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=JER_3:1!14|MId=o240030010141|Strong=5750 24-25 הֲל֛וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JER_3:1!15|MId=o240030010151|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 25 ל֛וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_3:1!15|MId=o240030010152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 חָנ֥וֹף חָנֵף VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 obl:npmod _ Gloss=completely.(be.polluted)|Ref=JER_3:1!16|MId=o240030010161|Strong=2610|Type=infinitive_absolute 27 תֶּחֱנַ֖ף חָנֵף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=will.it.be.polluted|Ref=JER_3:1!17|MId=o240030010171|Strong=2610|Frame=A0:240030010182;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 הָאָ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_3:1!18|MId=o240030010181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אָ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_3:1!18|MId=o240030010182|Strong=0776 30-31 הַהִ֑יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_3:1!19|MId=o240030010191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 הִ֑יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JER_3:1!19|MId=o240030010192|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 32-33 וְאַ֗תְּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:1!20|MId=o240030010201|Strong=2050b 33 אַ֗תְּ אַתְּ PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_3:1!20|MId=o240030010202|Strong=0859b|Type=personal 34 זָנִית֙ זָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.have.acted.as.a.prostitute|Ref=JER_3:1!21|MId=o240030010211|Strong=2181|Frame=A0:240030010202;|Type=qatal 35 רֵעִ֣ים רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=companions|Ref=JER_3:1!22|MId=o240030010221|Strong=7453 36 רַבִּ֔ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=JER_3:1!23|MId=o240030010231|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 37-38 וְשׁ֥וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:1!24|MId=o240030010241|Strong=2050b 38 שׁ֥וֹב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 34 conj _ Gloss=will.you.return?|Ref=JER_3:1!24|MId=o240030010242|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240020320062;|Type=infinitive_absolute 39-40 אֵלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:1!25|MId=o240030010251|Strong=0413 40 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JER_3:1!25|MId=o240030010252|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 41 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_3:1!26|MId=o240030010261|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 42 יְהֹוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_3:1!27|MId=o240030010271|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=JER_3:1!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: a frame; the quote follows - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יְשַׁלַּח *he will send away* | yiqtol · piel | אִישׁ *a husband* | אִשְׁתּ *wife* | | | | הָלְכָה *she will go* | weqatal · qal | אִשְׁתּ *wife* | | | | | הָיְתָה *she will belong* | weqatal · qal | אִשְׁתּ *wife* | | | | | יָשׁוּב *he return?* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a husband* | | | | | **not** תֶּחֱנַף *will it be polluted* | yiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | זָנִית *you have acted as a prostitute* | qatal · qal | אַתְּ *you* | | | | | שׁוֹב *will you return?* | infinitive absolute · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לְמֵימַר הָּא יִפְטַר גְבַר יַת אִתְּתֵיהּ וּתְהַךְ מִלְוָתֵיהּ וּתְהֵי לִגְבַר אוֹחֲרָן הַאֶפְשַׁר דִיתוּב לְוָתָהּ עוֹד הֲלָא מֵחָב תֵּחוּב אַרְעָא הַהִיא וְאַתְּ טְעֵיתָא וְאִתְחַבַּרְתְּ לְעַמְמִין סַגִיאִין וְתּוּבִי מִכְּעַן לְפוּלְחָנִי אָמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [...saying: If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's, may he return unto her again?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.68/) 2. [Will not that land be greatly polluted?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.69/) 3. [But thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; and wouldest thou yet return to Me? saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.70/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:56`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 2:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.37/) - next →: [Jeremiah 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/)