--- title: Jeremiah 3:2 — Lift up thine eyes unto the high hills, and see: Where hast thou not… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Lift up thine eyes unto the high hills, and see: Where hast thou not been lain with? By the ways hast thou sat for them, as an Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy harlotries and with thy wickedness. Who acts: you, thou. Jeremiah 3:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/) / 3:2 # Jeremiah 3:2 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, thou · **What happens:** lift up, see, not lie with, sit, pollute · **To what, where:** eyes, thou, land This is Jeremiah 3:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, thou — and what happens in the verse to eyes, thou, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃ [Lift up thine eyes unto the high hills, and see: Where hast thou not been lain with?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.71/) [By the ways hast thou sat for them, as an Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy harlotries and with thy wickedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.72/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:57 # text = שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃ # verse = JER.3.2 1 שְׂאִֽי־ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=lift.up|Ref=JER_3:2!1|MId=o240030020011|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:240020320062;A1:240030020021;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 עֵינַ֨יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עֵינַ֨י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 1 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JER_3:2!2|MId=o240030020021|Strong=5869 3 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_3:2!2|MId=o240030020022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_3:2!3|MId=o240030020031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 שְׁפָיִ֜ם שְׁפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=bare.heights|Ref=JER_3:2!4|MId=o240030020041|Strong=8205 6-7 וּרְאִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:2!5|MId=o240030020051|Strong=2050b 7 רְאִ֗י רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=JER_3:2!5|MId=o240030020052|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240020320062;|Type=imperative 8 אֵיפֹה֙ אֵיפֹה PART _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=JER_3:2!6|MId=o240030020061|Strong=0375|Type=interrogative 9 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_3:2!7|MId=o240030020071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10 שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=have.you.been.lain.with|Ref=JER_3:2!9|MId=o240030020091|Strong=7901|Frame=A1:240020320062;|Type=qatal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JER_3:2!10|MId=o240030020101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 דְּרָכִים֙ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=roads|Ref=JER_3:2!11|MId=o240030020111|Strong=1870 13 יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=you.sat|Ref=JER_3:2!12|MId=o240030020121|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:240020320062;|Type=qatal 14-15 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_3:2!13|MId=o240030020131|Strong=3807a 15 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_3:2!13|MId=o240030020132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 כַּעֲרָבִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_3:2!14|MId=o240030020141|Strong=3509a 17 עֲרָבִ֖י עֲרָבִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=an.Arab|Ref=JER_3:2!14|MId=o240030020142|Strong=6163a|Type=gentilic 18-20 בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_3:2!15|MId=o240030020151|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_3:2!15|MId=o240030020151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מִּדְבָּ֑ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nmod _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JER_3:2!15|MId=o240030020152|Strong=4057 21-22 וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:2!16|MId=o240030020161|Strong=2050b 22 תַּחֲנִ֣יפִי חָנֵף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.have.polluted|Ref=JER_3:2!16|MId=o240030020162|Strong=2610|Frame=AA:240020320062;A0:240030020171;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=[the].land|Ref=JER_3:2!17|MId=o240030020171|Strong=0776 24-26 בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_3:2!18|MId=o240030020181|Strong=0871a 25 זְנוּתַ֖י זְנוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=prostitution(s)|Ref=JER_3:2!18|MId=o240030020182|Strong=2184 26 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_3:2!18|MId=o240030020183|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 27-30 וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:2!19|MId=o240030020191|Strong=2050b 28 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_3:2!19|MId=o240030020192|Strong=0871a 29 רָעָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=wickedness|Ref=JER_3:2!19|MId=o240030020193|Strong=7451b 30 ֵֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_3:2!19|MId=o240030020194|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JER_3:2!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׂאִֽי־ *lift up* | imperative · qal | | עֵינַי *eyes* | | | | רְאִי *see* | imperative · qal | | | | | | **not** שֻׁכַּבְתְּ *have you been lain with* | qatal · pual | | | | | | יָשַׁבְתְּ *you sat* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תַּחֲנִיפִי *you have polluted* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} זְקוּפִי עֵינָךְ עַל נָגְדִין וַחֲזָא הֵיכָא לָא אִתְחַבַּרְתְּ לִיךְ לְמִפְלַח לְטַעֲוָתָא עַל אוֹרְחַת בֵּית מֵישָׁרֵיהוֹן אוֹרְכַּת לְהוֹן כַּעֲרָבָאֵי דְשָׁרָן בִשְׁכוּנִין בְּמַדְבְּרָא וְחַיֵבְתְּ אַרְעָא בְּטַעֲוָתִיךְ וּבְבִישְׁתִּיךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Lift up thine eyes unto the high hills, and see: Where hast thou not been lain with?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.71/) 2. [By the ways hast thou sat for them, as an Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy harlotries and with thy wickedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.72/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:57`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.1/) - next →: [Jeremiah 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.3/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/)