--- title: Jeremiah 3:25 — Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.' Who acts: you, us, confusion, we. Jeremiah 3:25 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/) / 3:25 # Jeremiah 3:25 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, us, confusion, we, our · **What happens:** let, lie down, cover, sin, not hearken, shame · **To what, where:** us, shame, confusion, youth This is Jeremiah 3:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, us, confusion, we, our — and what happens in the verse to us, shame, confusion, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס [Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.97/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:80 # text = נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס # verse = JER.3.25 1 נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=let.us.lie.down|Ref=JER_3:25!1|MId=o240030250011|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:240010010021;240030230101;|Type=cohortative 2-4 בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_3:25!2|MId=o240030250021|Strong=0871a 3 בָשְׁתּ בֹּשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=shame|Ref=JER_3:25!2|MId=o240030250022|Strong=1322 4 ֵ֗נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!2|MId=o240030250023|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 5-7 וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:25!3|MId=o240030250031|Strong=2050b 6 תְכַסּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=let|Ref=JER_3:25!3|MId=o240030250032|Strong=3680|Frame=A1:240030250033;A0:240030250041;|Type=yiqtol 7 ֵנוּ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=it.cover.us|Ref=JER_3:25!3|MId=o240030250033|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 8-9 כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּלִמָּת כְּלִמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=disgrace|Ref=JER_3:25!4|MId=o240030250041|Strong=3639 9 ֵנוּ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!4|MId=o240030250042|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 10 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_3:25!5|MId=o240030250051|Strong=3588 11-12 לַיהוָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:25!6|MId=o240030250061|Strong=3807a 12 יהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_3:25!6|MId=o240030250062|Strong=3068 13-14 אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֱלֹהֵ֜י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JER_3:25!7|MId=o240030250071|Strong=0430 14 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!7|MId=o240030250072|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 15 חָטָ֗אנוּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 advcl _ Gloss=we.have.sinned|Ref=JER_3:25!8|MId=o240030250081|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:240030250091;240030250102;|Type=qatal 16 אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JER_3:25!9|MId=o240030250091|Strong=0587|Type=personal 17-19 וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:25!10|MId=o240030250101|Strong=2050b 18 אֲבוֹתֵ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=JER_3:25!10|MId=o240030250102|Strong=0001 19 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!10|MId=o240030250103|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 20-22 מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=since|Ref=JER_3:25!11|MId=o240030250111|Strong=4480 21 נְּעוּרֵ֖י נְעוּרִים NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=youth(s)|Ref=JER_3:25!11|MId=o240030250112|Strong=5271 22 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!11|MId=o240030250113|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:25!12|MId=o240030250121|Strong=2050b 24 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JER_3:25!12|MId=o240030250122|Strong=5704 25-26 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_3:25!13|MId=o240030250131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=JER_3:25!13|MId=o240030250132|Strong=3117 27-28 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_3:25!14|MId=o240030250141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_3:25!14|MId=o240030250142|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 29-30 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:25!15|MId=o240030250151|Strong=2050b 30 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_3:25!15|MId=o240030250152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 conj _ Gloss=we.have.listened|Ref=JER_3:25!16|MId=o240030250161|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:240010010021;240030230101;240030250102;|Type=qatal 32-33 בְּק֖וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:25!17|MId=o240030250171|Strong=0871a 33 ק֖וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=the.voice|Ref=JER_3:25!17|MId=o240030250172|Strong=6963 34 יְהֹוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_3:25!18|MId=o240030250181|Strong=3068 35-36 אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֱלֹהֵֽי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JER_3:25!19|MId=o240030250191|Strong=0430 36 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_3:25!19|MId=o240030250192|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JER_3:25!19|SpaceAfter=No 38 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JER_3:25!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִשְׁכְּבָה *let us lie down* | cohortative · qal | | | | | | תְכַסּ *let* | yiqtol · piel | כְּלִמָּת *disgrace* | ֵנוּ *it cover us* | | | | חָטָאנוּ *we have sinned* | qatal · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* + אֲבוֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | **not** שָׁמַעְנוּ *we have listened* | qatal · qal | אֲבוֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} נִשְׁכוּב בְּבַהֲתַת חוֹבָנָא וְתַחֲפִינָנָא אִתְכְּנָעוּתָנָא אֲרֵי קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא חַבָנָא אֲנַחְנָא וַאֲבָהָתָנָא מִזְעוּרָנָא וְעַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין וְלָא קַבֵּילְנָא לְמֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.97/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:80`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 3:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.24/) - next →: [Jeremiah 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.1/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/)