--- title: Jeremiah 3:3 — Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no lat… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed. Who acts: latter rain, thou. Jeremiah 3:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/) / 3:3 # Jeremiah 3:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** latter rain, thou · **What happens:** withhold, be, have, refuse, not be · **To what, where:** showers, forehead This is Jeremiah 3:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — latter rain, thou — and what happens in the verse to showers, forehead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּמָּנְע֣וּ רְבִבִ֔ים וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ ל֣וֹא הָיָ֑ה וּמֵ֨צַח אִשָּׁ֤ה זוֹנָה֙ הָ֣יָה לָ֔ךְ מֵאַ֖נְתְּ הִכָּלֵֽם׃ [Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.73/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:58 # text = וַיִּמָּנְע֣וּ רְבִבִ֔ים וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ ל֣וֹא הָיָ֑ה וּמֵ֨צַח אִשָּׁ֤ה זוֹנָה֙ הָ֣יָה לָ֔ךְ מֵאַ֖נְתְּ הִכָּלֵֽם׃ # verse = JER.3.3 1-2 וַיִּמָּנְע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:3!1|MId=o240030030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּמָּנְע֣וּ מָנַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.been.withheld|Ref=JER_3:3!1|MId=o240030030012|Strong=4513|Frame=A1:240030030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רְבִבִ֔ים רְבִיבִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=showers|Ref=JER_3:3!2|MId=o240030030021|Strong=7241 4-5 וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:3!3|MId=o240030030031|Strong=2050b 5 מַלְק֖וֹשׁ מַלְקוֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=spring.rain|Ref=JER_3:3!3|MId=o240030030032|Strong=4456 6 ל֣וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_3:3!4|MId=o240030030041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 הָיָ֑ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.has.come|Ref=JER_3:3!5|MId=o240030030051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240030030032;|Type=qatal 8-9 וּמֵ֨צַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JER_3:3!6|MId=o240030030061|Strong=2050b 9 מֵ֨צַח מֵצַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=forehead|Ref=JER_3:3!6|MId=o240030030062|Strong=4696 10 אִשָּׁ֤ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.woman|Ref=JER_3:3!7|MId=o240030030071|Strong=0802 11 זוֹנָה֙ זָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 appos _ Gloss=a.prostitute|Ref=JER_3:3!8|MId=o240030030081|Strong=2185|Type=participle_active 12 הָ֣יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=it.belonged|Ref=JER_3:3!9|MId=o240030030091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240030030062;|Type=qatal 13-14 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:3!10|MId=o240030030101|Strong=3807a 14 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_3:3!10|MId=o240030030102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 15 מֵאַ֖נְתְּ מָאֵן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=you.refused|Ref=JER_3:3!11|MId=o240030030111|Strong=3985|Frame=A0:240020320062;A1:240030030121;|Type=qatal 16 הִכָּלֵֽם כָּלַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 15 obj _ Gloss=to.be.ashamed|Ref=JER_3:3!12|MId=o240030030121|Strong=3637|Frame=A0:240020320062;|Type=infinitive_construct|SpaceAfter=No 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=JER_3:3!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּמָּנְעוּ *they have been withheld* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | רְבִבִים *showers* | | | | **not** הָיָה *it has come* | qatal · qal | מַלְקוֹשׁ *spring rain* | | | | | הָיָה *it belonged* | qatal · qal | מֵצַח *forehead* | | | | | מֵאַנְתְּ *you refused* | qatal · piel | | הִכָּלֵֽם *to be ashamed* | | | | הִכָּלֵֽם *to be ashamed* | infinitive construct · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְמְנַעוּ רְסִיסַיָא וּמַלְקוֹשָׁא לָא הֲוָה וְחוּצְפָּא כְאִתְּתָא נַפְקַת בְּרָא הֲוָה לִיךְ מְסָרַבְתְּ לְאִתְכְּנָעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.73/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:58`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.2/) - next →: [Jeremiah 3:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.4/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/)