--- title: Jeremiah 3:8 — And I saw, when, forasmuch as backsliding Israel had committed adult… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I saw, when, forasmuch as backsliding Israel had committed adultery, I had put her away and given her a bill of divorcement, that yet treacherous Judah her sister feared not; but she also went and played the harlot; Who acts: I, backsliding Israel, treacherous Judah, Israel. Jeremiah 3:8 in Hebr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/) / 3:8 # Jeremiah 3:8 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, backsliding Israel, treacherous Judah, Israel · **What happens:** see, commit, put away, give, not fear, go · **To what, where:** adultery, Israel, bill, harlot, divorcement This is Jeremiah 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, backsliding Israel, treacherous Judah, Israel — and what happens in the verse to adultery, Israel, bill, harlot, divorcement, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃ [And I saw, when, forasmuch as backsliding Israel had committed adultery, I had put her away and given her a bill of divorcement, that yet treacherous Judah her sister feared not; but she also went and played the harlot;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.80/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:63 # text = וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃ # verse = JER.3.8 1-2 וָאֵ֗רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:8!1|MId=o240030080011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵ֗רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=JER_3:8!1|MId=o240030080012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240030060021;A1:240030080101;240030080112;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JER_3:8!2|MId=o240030080021|Strong=3588 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_3:8!3|MId=o240030080031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_3:8!4|MId=o240030080041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 אֹדוֹת֙ אֹודֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=causes|Ref=JER_3:8!5|MId=o240030080051|Strong=0182 7 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JER_3:8!6|MId=o240030080061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 נִֽאֲפָה֙ נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.committed.adultery|Ref=JER_3:8!7|MId=o240030080071|Strong=5003|Frame=A0:240030080081;|Type=qatal 9 מְשֻׁבָ֣ה מְשׁוּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].apostate.one|Ref=JER_3:8!8|MId=o240030080081|Strong=4878 10 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 9 appos _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JER_3:8!9|MId=o240030080091|Strong=3478 11-12 שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕י שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_3:8!10|MId=o240030080101|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240030060021;A1:240030080102;|Type=qatal 12 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=sent.her.away|Ref=JER_3:8!10|MId=o240030080102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13-14 וָאֶתֵּ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:8!11|MId=o240030080111|Strong=2050b 14 אֶתֵּ֛ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 11 conj _ Gloss=I.gave|Ref=JER_3:8!11|MId=o240030080112|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240030060021;A1:240030080131;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_3:8!12|MId=o240030080121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 סֵ֥פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=the.document|Ref=JER_3:8!13|MId=o240030080131|Strong=5612 17-18 כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖י כְּרִיתוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=her.divorce(s)|Ref=JER_3:8!14|MId=o240030080141|Strong=3748 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_3:8!14|MId=o240030080142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19-20 אֵלֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֵלֶ֑י אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_3:8!15|MId=o240030080151|Strong=0413 20 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_3:8!15|MId=o240030080152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְלֹ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:8!16|MId=o240030080161|Strong=2050b 22 לֹ֨א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_3:8!16|MId=o240030080162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 יָֽרְאָ֜ה יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.was.afraid|Ref=JER_3:8!17|MId=o240030080171|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:240030080181;|Type=qatal 24 בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה בָּגַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=treacherous|Ref=JER_3:8!18|MId=o240030080181|Strong=0898|Frame=A0:240030070131;|Type=participle_active 25 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 24 appos _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JER_3:8!19|MId=o240030080191|Strong=3063 26-27 אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אֲחוֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 appos _ Gloss=sister|Ref=JER_3:8!20|MId=o240030080201|Strong=0269 27 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_3:8!20|MId=o240030080202|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:8!21|MId=o240030080211|Strong=2050b 29 תֵּ֖לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.went|Ref=JER_3:8!21|MId=o240030080212|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240030080241;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 וַתִּ֥זֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_3:8!22|MId=o240030080221|Strong=2050b 31 תִּ֥זֶן זָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=she.acted.as.a.prostitute|Ref=JER_3:8!22|MId=o240030080222|Strong=2181|Frame=A0:240030080241;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=JER_3:8!23|MId=o240030080231|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 33 הִֽיא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=JER_3:8!24|MId=o240030080241|Strong=1931a|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JER_3:8!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֵרֶא *I saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | שִׁלַּחְתִּי *I* + אֶתֵּן *I gave* | | | | נִֽאֲפָה *she committed adultery* | qatal · piel | מְשֻׁבָה *\[the\] apostate one* | | | | | שִׁלַּחְתִּי *I* | qatal · piel | | הָ *sent her away* | | | | אֶתֵּן *I gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | | סֵפֶר *the document* | | | | **not** יָֽרְאָה *she was afraid* | qatal · qal | בֹּֽגֵדָה *treacherous* | | | | | בֹּֽגֵדָה *treacherous* | participle active · qal | | | | | | תֵּלֶךְ *she went* | wayyiqtol · qal | הִֽיא *she* | | | | | תִּזֶן *she acted as a prostitute* | wayyiqtol · qal | הִֽיא *she* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּגְלֵי קֳדָמַי אֲרֵי עַל כָּל עֵיסַק דִטְעוֹ דְמִתְחַסְנִין לְמֵיתַב לְפוּלְחָנִי דְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַגְלֵיתִינוּן כְּמָה דְיָהֲבִין אִגֶרֶת גֵט פִּטוּרִין וּמְשַׁלְחִין וְלָא דְחִילוּ מִשִׁקְרַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה אֲחֵיהוֹן וַאֲזָלוּ וּטְעוֹ אַף אִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I saw, when, forasmuch as backsliding Israel had committed adultery, I had put her away and given her a bill of divorcement, that yet treacherous Judah her sister feared not; but she also went and played the harlot;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.80/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:63`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.7/) - next →: [Jeremiah 3:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.9/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/3/)