--- title: Jeremiah 31:13 — Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. Who acts: virgin, I, men. Jeremiah 31:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:13 # Jeremiah 31:13 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** virgin, I, men · **What happens:** rejoice, turn, comfort, make, mourn, sorrow · **To what, where:** dance, mourning, joy, men, sorrow This is Jeremiah 31:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — virgin, I, men — and what happens in the verse to dance, mourning, joy, men, sorrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָח֔וֹל וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגוֹנָֽם׃ [Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.845/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:756 # text = אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָח֔וֹל וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגוֹנָֽם׃ # verse = JER.31.13 1 אָ֣ז אָז ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=JER_31:13!1|MId=o240310130011|Strong=0227 2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח שָׂמַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.will.rejoice|Ref=JER_31:13!2|MId=o240310130021|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:240310130031;|Type=yiqtol 3 בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּתוּלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.virgin|Ref=JER_31:13!3|MId=o240310130031|Strong=1330 4-5 בְּמָח֔וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_31:13!4|MId=o240310130041|Strong=0871a 5 מָח֔וֹל מָחוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=dancing|Ref=JER_31:13!4|MId=o240310130042|Strong=4234 6-7 וּבַחֻרִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:13!5|MId=o240310130051|Strong=2050b 7 בַחֻרִ֥ים בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=young.men|Ref=JER_31:13!5|MId=o240310130052|Strong=0970 8-9 וּזְקֵנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:13!6|MId=o240310130061|Strong=2050b 9 זְקֵנִ֖ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=old.[men]|Ref=JER_31:13!6|MId=o240310130062|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 10 יַחְדָּ֑ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=alike|Ref=JER_31:13!7|MId=o240310130071|Strong=3162a 11-12 וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:13!8|MId=o240310130081|Strong=2050b 12 הָפַכְתִּ֨י הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.turn|Ref=JER_31:13!8|MId=o240310130082|Strong=2015|Frame=A0:240310120081;A1:240310130091;|Type=weqatal 13-14 אֶבְלָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֶבְל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=JER_31:13!9|MId=o240310130091|Strong=0060 14 ָ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_31:13!9|MId=o240310130092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_31:13!10|MId=o240310130101|Strong=3807a 16 שָׂשׂוֹן֙ שָׂשׂוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=joy|Ref=JER_31:13!10|MId=o240310130102|Strong=8342 17-19 וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:13!11|MId=o240310130111|Strong=2050b 18 נִ֣חַמְתִּ֔י נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:13!11|MId=o240310130112|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:240310120081;A1:240310130113;|Type=weqatal 19 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=will.comfort.them|Ref=JER_31:13!11|MId=o240310130113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-22 וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:13!12|MId=o240310130121|Strong=2050b 21 שִׂמַּחְתִּ֖י שָׂמַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:13!12|MId=o240310130122|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:240310120081;A1:240310130123;|Type=qatal 22 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=will.make.them.glad|Ref=JER_31:13!12|MId=o240310130123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-25 מִיגוֹנָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_31:13!13|MId=o240310130131|Strong=4480 24 יגוֹנ יָגוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=sorrow|Ref=JER_31:13!13|MId=o240310130132|Strong=3015 25 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_31:13!13|MId=o240310130133|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_31:13!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּשְׂמַח *she will rejoice* | yiqtol · qal | בְּתוּלָה *a virgin* | | | | | הָפַכְתִּי *I will turn* | weqatal · qal | | אֶבְל *mourning* | | | | נִחַמְתִּי *I* | weqatal · piel | | ם *will comfort them* | | | | שִׂמַּחְתִּי *I* | qatal · piel | | ם *will make them glad* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן תֶּחְדִין כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּד בְּחִנְגִין וְעוּלֵימִין וְסָבִין כַּחֲדָא וֶאֶהֱפוֹךְ אֶבְלְהוֹן לְבִיעַ וֶאֱנָחֵמִינוּן וְאַחֲדִינוּן מִדְווֹנְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.845/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:756`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.12/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.14/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)