--- title: Jeremiah 31:15 — Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not. Who acts: LORD, Rachel. Jeremiah 31:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:15 # Jeremiah 31:15 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, Rachel · **What happens:** say, hear, weep, refuse, not comfort · **To what, where:** voice, Ramah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 31:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Rachel — and what happens in the verse to voice, Ramah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בְּרָמָ֤ה נִשְׁמָע֙ נְהִי֙ בְּכִ֣י תַמְרוּרִ֔ים רָחֵ֖ל מְבַכָּ֣ה עַל־בָּנֶ֑יהָ מֵאֲנָ֛ה לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנֶ֖יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ס [Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.847/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:758 # text = כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בְּרָמָ֤ה נִשְׁמָע֙ נְהִי֙ בְּכִ֣י תַמְרוּרִ֔ים רָחֵ֖ל מְבַכָּ֣ה עַל־בָּנֶ֑יהָ מֵאֲנָ֛ה לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנֶ֖יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ס # verse = JER.31.15 1 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_31:15!1|MId=o240310150011|Strong=3541 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JER_31:15!1 3 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_31:15!2|MId=o240310150021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240310150031;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:15!3|MId=o240310150031|Strong=3068 5 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.voice|Ref=JER_31:15!4|MId=o240310150041|Strong=6963 6-7 בְּרָמָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_31:15!5|MId=o240310150051|Strong=0871a 7 רָמָ֤ה רָמָה PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Ramah|Ref=JER_31:15!5|MId=o240310150052|Strong=7414 8 נִשְׁמָע֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].heard|Ref=JER_31:15!6|MId=o240310150061|Strong=8085|Frame=A1:240310150041;|Type=participle_passive 9 נְהִי֙ נְהִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=a.wailing|Ref=JER_31:15!7|MId=o240310150071|Strong=5092 10 בְּכִ֣י בְּכִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=weeping|Ref=JER_31:15!8|MId=o240310150081|Strong=1065 11 תַמְרוּרִ֔ים תַּמְרוּרִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.bitterness(es)|Ref=JER_31:15!9|MId=o240310150091|Strong=8563 12 רָחֵ֖ל רָחֵל PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Rachel|Ref=JER_31:15!10|MId=o240310150101|Strong=7354 13 מְבַכָּ֣ה בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].weeping|Ref=JER_31:15!11|MId=o240310150111|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:240310150101;|Type=participle_active 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_31:15!12|MId=o240310150121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 בָּנֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בָּנֶ֑י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=children|Ref=JER_31:15!13|MId=o240310150131|Strong=1121 16 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_31:15!13|MId=o240310150132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 מֵאֲנָ֛ה מָאֵן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=she.has.refused|Ref=JER_31:15!14|MId=o240310150141|Strong=3985|Frame=A0:240310150101;|Type=qatal 18-19 לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:15!15|MId=o240310150151|Strong=3807a 19 הִנָּחֵ֥ם נָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 17 xcomp _ Gloss=be.comforted|Ref=JER_31:15!15|MId=o240310150152|Strong=5162|Frame=A1:240310150101;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_31:15!16|MId=o240310150161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 בָּנֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בָּנֶ֖י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=children|Ref=JER_31:15!17|MId=o240310150171|Strong=1121 22 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_31:15!17|MId=o240310150172|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_31:15!18|MId=o240310150181|Strong=3588 24-25 אֵינֶֽנּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.[is]|Ref=JER_31:15!19|MId=o240310150191|Strong=0369|Type=negative 25 ֶֽנּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_31:15!19|MId=o240310150192|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_31:15!19|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_31:15!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** נִשְׁמָע *\[is\] heard* | participle passive · niphal | | קוֹל *a voice* | | | | מְבַכָּה *\[is\] weeping* | participle active · piel | רָחֵל *Rachel* | | | | | מֵאֲנָה *she has refused* | qatal · piel | רָחֵל *Rachel* | | | | | הִנָּחֵם *be comforted* | infinitive construct · niphal | | רָחֵל *Rachel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ קָלָא בְרוּם עַלְמָא אִשְׁתְּמַע בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְבָכָן וּמִתְאַנְחָן בָּתַר יִרְמְיָה נְבִיָא כַּד שְׁלַח יָתֵיהּ נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן רַב קָטוֹלַיָא מֵרָמָתָא אִלְיָא וּדְבָכָן בִּמְרַר יְרוּשְׁלֵם מְבַכְיָא עַל בְּנָהָא מְסַרְבָא לְאִתְנֶחָמָא עַל בְּנָהָא אֲרֵי גְלוֹ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.847/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:758`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.14/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.16/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)