--- title: Jeremiah 31:16 — Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy. Who acts: LORD, voice, thy. Jeremiah 31:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:16 # Jeremiah 31:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, voice, thy · **What happens:** say, refrain, reward, come back, work · **To what, where:** voice, weeping, work, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 31:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, voice, thy — and what happens in the verse to voice, weeping, work, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מִנְעִ֤י קוֹלֵךְ֙ מִבֶּ֔כִי וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ מִדִּמְעָ֑ה כִּי֩ יֵ֨שׁ שָׂכָ֤ר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ [Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.848/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:759 # text = כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מִנְעִ֤י קוֹלֵךְ֙ מִבֶּ֔כִי וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ מִדִּמְעָ֑ה כִּי֩ יֵ֨שׁ שָׂכָ֤ר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ # verse = JER.31.16 1 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_31:16!1|MId=o240310160011|Strong=3541 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JER_31:16!1 3 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_31:16!2|MId=o240310160021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240310160031;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:16!3|MId=o240310160031|Strong=3068 5 מִנְעִ֤י מָנַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 ccomp _ Gloss=restrain|Ref=JER_31:16!4|MId=o240310160041|Strong=4513|Frame=A0:240310150101;A1:240310160051;|Type=imperative 6-7 קוֹלֵךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 קוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=voice|Ref=JER_31:16!5|MId=o240310160051|Strong=6963 7 ֵךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_31:16!5|MId=o240310160052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8-9 מִבֶּ֔כִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_31:16!6|MId=o240310160061|Strong=4480 9 בֶּ֔כִי בְּכִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=weeping|Ref=JER_31:16!6|MId=o240310160062|Strong=1065 10-12 וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:16!7|MId=o240310160071|Strong=2050b 11 עֵינַ֖י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 5 conj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JER_31:16!7|MId=o240310160072|Strong=5869 12 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_31:16!7|MId=o240310160073|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 13-14 מִדִּמְעָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_31:16!8|MId=o240310160081|Strong=4480 14 דִּמְעָ֑ה דִּמְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=tear[s]|Ref=JER_31:16!8|MId=o240310160082|Strong=1832 15 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_31:16!9|MId=o240310160091|Strong=3588 16 יֵ֨שׁ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 5 advcl _ Gloss=there.[will.be]|Ref=JER_31:16!10|MId=o240310160101|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 17 שָׂכָ֤ר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=a.reward|Ref=JER_31:16!11|MId=o240310160111|Strong=7939 18-20 לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_31:16!12|MId=o240310160121|Strong=3807a 19 פְעֻלָּת פְּעֻלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=work|Ref=JER_31:16!12|MId=o240310160122|Strong=6468 20 ֵךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_31:16!12|MId=o240310160123|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 21 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_31:16!13|MId=o240310160131|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 22 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:16!14|MId=o240310160141|Strong=3068 23-24 וְשָׁ֖בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:16!15|MId=o240310160151|Strong=2050b 24 שָׁ֖בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.return|Ref=JER_31:16!15|MId=o240310160152|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240310150171;|Type=weqatal 25-26 מֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_31:16!16|MId=o240310160161|Strong=4480 26 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_31:16!16|MId=o240310160162|Strong=0776 27 אוֹיֵֽב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].enemy|Ref=JER_31:16!17|MId=o240310160171|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_31:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | מִנְעִי *restrain* | imperative · qal | | קוֹל *voice* | | | | שָׁבוּ *they will return* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ מַנְעִי קָלִיךְ מִלְמִבְכֵּי וְעֵינַיִךְ מִלְשַׁגְרָא דִמְעָן אֲרֵי אִית אֲגַר לְעוֹבָדַי אַבְהָתָךְ צַדִיקַיָא אֲמַר יְיָ וִיתוּבוּן מֵאַרַע בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.848/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:759`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.17/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)