--- title: Jeremiah 31:19 — Surely after that I was turned, I repented, and after that I was ins… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Surely after that I was turned, I repented, and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh; I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.' Who acts: I. Jeremiah 31:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:19 # Jeremiah 31:19 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** turn, repent, instruct, smite, be, confound · **To what, where:** I, reproach This is Jeremiah 31:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to I, reproach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־אַחֲרֵ֤י שׁוּבִי֙ נִחַ֔מְתִּי וְאַֽחֲרֵי֙ הִוָּ֣דְעִ֔י סָפַ֖קְתִּי עַל־יָרֵ֑ךְ בֹּ֚שְׁתִּי וְגַם־נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי כִּ֥י נָשָׂ֖אתִי חֶרְפַּ֥ת נְעוּרָֽי׃ [Surely after that I was turned, I repented, and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh; I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.851/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:762 # text = כִּֽי־אַחֲרֵ֤י שׁוּבִי֙ נִחַ֔מְתִּי וְאַֽחֲרֵי֙ הִוָּ֣דְעִ֔י סָפַ֖קְתִּי עַל־יָרֵ֑ךְ בֹּ֚שְׁתִּי וְגַם־נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי כִּ֥י נָשָׂ֖אתִי חֶרְפַּ֥ת נְעוּרָֽי׃ # verse = JER.31.19 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_31:19!1|MId=o240310190011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 אַחֲרֵ֤י אַחַר ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JER_31:19!2|MId=o240310190021|Strong=0310 3-4 שׁוּבִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 שׁוּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:19!3|MId=o240310190031|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240310190032;|Type=infinitive_construct 4 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=turned.away|Ref=JER_31:19!3|MId=o240310190032|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 5 נִחַ֔מְתִּי נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.repented|Ref=JER_31:19!4|MId=o240310190041|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:240310180031;|Type=qatal 6-7 וְאַֽחֲרֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:19!5|MId=o240310190051|Strong=2050b 7 אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אַחַר ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JER_31:19!5|MId=o240310190052|Strong=0310 8-9 הִוָּ֣דְעִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הִוָּ֣דְע יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:19!6|MId=o240310190061|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:240310190062;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=was.instructed|Ref=JER_31:19!6|MId=o240310190062|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10 סָפַ֖קְתִּי סָפַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I.slapped|Ref=JER_31:19!7|MId=o240310190071|Strong=5606|Frame=A0:240310180031;|Type=qatal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_31:19!8|MId=o240310190081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 יָרֵ֑ךְ יָרֵךְ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=a.thigh|Ref=JER_31:19!9|MId=o240310190091|Strong=3409 13 בֹּ֚שְׁתִּי בּוֹשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 parataxis _ Gloss=I.was.ashamed|Ref=JER_31:19!10|MId=o240310190101|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:240310180031;|Type=qatal 14-15 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:19!11|MId=o240310190111|Strong=2050b 15 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=JER_31:19!11|MId=o240310190112|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 16 נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי כָּלַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I.was.humiliated|Ref=JER_31:19!12|MId=o240310190121|Strong=3637|Frame=A0:240310180031;|Type=qatal 17 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_31:19!13|MId=o240310190131|Strong=3588 18 נָשָׂ֖אתִי נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 advcl _ Gloss=I.bore|Ref=JER_31:19!14|MId=o240310190141|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:240310180031;A1:240310190151;|Type=qatal 19 חֶרְפַּ֥ת חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=the.reproach|Ref=JER_31:19!15|MId=o240310190151|Strong=2781 20-21 נְעוּרָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נְעוּר נְעוּרִים NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.youth(s)|Ref=JER_31:19!16|MId=o240310190161|Strong=5271 21 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_31:19!16|MId=o240310190162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_31:19!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שׁוּב *I* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *turned away* | | | | | נִחַמְתִּי *I repented* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | הִוָּדְע *I* | infinitive construct · niphal | | ִי *was instructed* | | | | סָפַקְתִּי *I slapped* | qatal · qal | | | | | | בֹּשְׁתִּי *I was ashamed* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִכְלַמְתִּי *I was humiliated* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | נָשָׂאתִי *I bore* | qatal · qal | | חֶרְפַּת *the reproach* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כַּד אֲנַחְנָא תָיְבִין לְאוֹרַיְתָא מִתְנַחֵם עֲלָנָא וּכְדוּ דְאִתְגְלֵי לָנָא טִפַּחְנָא עַל יְרַכָנָא בְּהֵיתְנָא וְאַף אִתְכְּנָעֲנָא אֲרֵי קַבֵּילְנָא חִסוּדֵי חוֹבָנָא דְמִלְקָדְמִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Surely after that I was turned, I repented, and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh; I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.851/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:762`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.18/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.20/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)