--- title: Jeremiah 31:20 — Is Ephraim a darling son unto Me? Is he a child that is dandled? For… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Is Ephraim a darling son unto Me? Is he a child that is dandled? For as often as I speak of him, I do earnestly remember him still; Therefore My heart yearneth for him, I will surely have compassion upon him, saith the LORD. Who acts: Ephraim, I, heart, LORD. Jeremiah 31:20 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:20 # Jeremiah 31:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Ephraim, I, heart, LORD · **What happens:** be, dandle, speak, remember, yearn, say · **To what, where:** darling son, child, Ephraim · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 31:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ephraim, I, heart, LORD — and what happens in the verse to darling son, child, Ephraim, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲבֵן֩ יַקִּ֨יר לִ֜י אֶפְרַ֗יִם אִ֚ם יֶ֣לֶד שַׁעֲשֻׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֤י דַבְּרִי֙ בּ֔וֹ זָכֹ֥ר אֶזְכְּרֶ֖נּוּ ע֑וֹד עַל־כֵּ֗ן הָמ֤וּ מֵעַי֙ ל֔וֹ רַחֵ֥ם אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ס [Is Ephraim a darling son unto Me?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.852/) [Is he a child that is dandled?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.853/) [For as often as I speak of him, I do earnestly remember him still; Therefore My heart yearneth for him, I will surely have compassion upon him, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.854/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:763 # text = הֲבֵן֩ יַקִּ֨יר לִ֜י אֶפְרַ֗יִם אִ֚ם יֶ֣לֶד שַׁעֲשֻׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֤י דַבְּרִי֙ בּ֔וֹ זָכֹ֥ר אֶזְכְּרֶ֖נּוּ ע֑וֹד עַל־כֵּ֗ן הָמ֤וּ מֵעַי֙ ל֔וֹ רַחֵ֥ם אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ס # verse = JER.31.20 1-2 הֲבֵן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=a|Ref=JER_31:20!1|MId=o240310200011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 בֵן֩ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=son?|Ref=JER_31:20!1|MId=o240310200012|Strong=1121 3 יַקִּ֨יר יַקִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 amod _ Gloss=dear|Ref=JER_31:20!2|MId=o240310200021|Strong=3357|Type=adjective 4-5 לִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:20!3|MId=o240310200031|Strong=3807a 5 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JER_31:20!3|MId=o240310200032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].Ephraim|Ref=JER_31:20!4|MId=o240310200041|Strong=0669 7 אִ֚ם אִם SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=JER_31:20!5|MId=o240310200051|Strong=0518 8 יֶ֣לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=a.child|Ref=JER_31:20!6|MId=o240310200061|Strong=3206 9 שַׁעֲשֻׁעִ֔ים שַׁעֲשׁוּעִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.delight(s)|Ref=JER_31:20!7|MId=o240310200071|Strong=8191 10 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_31:20!8|MId=o240310200081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 מִדֵּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=JER_31:20!9|MId=o240310200091|Strong=4480 12 דֵּ֤י דַּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=often.as|Ref=JER_31:20!9|MId=o240310200092|Strong=1767 13-14 דַבְּרִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 דַבְּר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 12 acl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=JER_31:20!10|MId=o240310200101|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:240310200102;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:20!10|MId=o240310200102|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 15-16 בּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_31:20!11|MId=o240310200111|Strong=0871a 16 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JER_31:20!11|MId=o240310200112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 זָכֹ֥ר זָכַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(remember)|Ref=JER_31:20!12|MId=o240310200121|Strong=2142|Type=infinitive_absolute 18-19 אֶזְכְּרֶ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֶזְכְּר זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:20!13|MId=o240310200131|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:240310170051;A1:240310200132;|Type=yiqtol 19 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=remember.him|Ref=JER_31:20!13|MId=o240310200132|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 20 ע֑וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=JER_31:20!14|MId=o240310200141|Strong=5750 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_31:20!15|MId=o240310200151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_31:20!16|MId=o240310200161|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 23 הָמ֤וּ הָמָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.in.a.tumult|Ref=JER_31:20!17|MId=o240310200171|Strong=1993|Frame=A0:240310200181;|Type=qatal 24-25 מֵעַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מֵע מֵעִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=parts|Ref=JER_31:20!18|MId=o240310200181|Strong=4578 25 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.inward|Ref=JER_31:20!18|MId=o240310200182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26-27 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_31:20!19|MId=o240310200191|Strong=3807a 27 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JER_31:20!19|MId=o240310200192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 רַחֵ֥ם רָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 29 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(have.compassion)|Ref=JER_31:20!20|MId=o240310200201|Strong=7355|Type=infinitive_absolute 29-30 אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמֶ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמ רָחַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_31:20!21|MId=o240310200211|Strong=7355|Frame=A0:240310170051;A1:240310200212;|Type=yiqtol 30 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.have.compassion.on.him|Ref=JER_31:20!21|MId=o240310200212|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 31 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_31:20!22|MId=o240310200221|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 32 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:20!23|MId=o240310200231|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JER_31:20!23|SpaceAfter=No 34 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JER_31:20!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דַבְּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | ִי *I* | | | | | אֶזְכְּר *I* | yiqtol · qal | | ֶנּוּ *remember him* | | | | הָמוּ *they are in a tumult* | qatal · qal | מֵע *parts* | | | | | אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמ *I* | yiqtol · piel | | ֶנּוּ *will have compassion on him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הַכְבַר חֲבִיב קָדָמַי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲלָא רָבֵי רָחֵים הוּא אֲרֵי בִזְמַן דִמְשַׁוֵי פִּתְגָמֵי אוֹרַיְתִי עַל לִבֵּיהּ לְמֶעְבַּדְהוֹן מִדְכַר דָכֵירְנָא לְאוֹטָבָא לֵיהּ עוֹד עַל כֵּן אִתְגוֹלָלוּ רַחֲמַי עֲלֵיהוֹן רַחֲמָא אֲרַחֵים עֲלֵיהוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Is Ephraim a darling son unto Me?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.852/) 2. [Is he a child that is dandled?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.853/) 3. [For as often as I speak of him, I do earnestly remember him still; Therefore My heart yearneth for him, I will surely have compassion upon him, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.854/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:763`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.19/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.21/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)