--- title: Jeremiah 31:28 — And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down, and to overthrow and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them to build and to plant, saith the LORD. Who acts: sleep, I, LORD. Jeremiah 31:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonath --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:28 # Jeremiah 31:28 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** sleep, I, LORD · **What happens:** come, pass, watch, pluck up, break down, overthrow · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 31:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sleep, I, LORD — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֞ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר שָׁקַ֣דְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לִנְת֧וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֛וֹץ וְלַהֲרֹ֖ס וּלְהַאֲבִ֣יד וּלְהָרֵ֑עַ כֵּ֣ן אֶשְׁקֹ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לִבְנ֥וֹת וְלִנְט֖וֹעַ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down, and to overthrow and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them to build and to plant, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.863/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:771 # text = וְהָיָ֞ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר שָׁקַ֣דְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לִנְת֧וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֛וֹץ וְלַהֲרֹ֖ס וּלְהַאֲבִ֣יד וּלְהָרֵ֑עַ כֵּ֣ן אֶשְׁקֹ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לִבְנ֥וֹת וְלִנְט֖וֹעַ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = JER.31.28 1-2 וְהָיָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!1|MId=o240310280011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֞ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JER_31:28!1|MId=o240310280012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3-4 כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=just|Ref=JER_31:28!2|MId=o240310280021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=JER_31:28!2|MId=o240310280022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 שָׁקַ֣דְתִּי שָׁקַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.kept.watch|Ref=JER_31:28!3|MId=o240310280031|Strong=8245|Frame=A0:240310270051;|Type=qatal 6-7 עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JER_31:28!4|MId=o240310280041|Strong=5921 7 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_31:28!4|MId=o240310280042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-9 לִנְת֧וֹשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!5|MId=o240310280051|Strong=3807a 9 נְת֧וֹשׁ נָתַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=pluck.up|Ref=JER_31:28!5|MId=o240310280052|Strong=5428|Frame=A0:240310270051;A1:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 10-12 וְלִנְת֛וֹץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!6|MId=o240310280061|Strong=2050b 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!6|MId=o240310280062|Strong=3807a 12 נְת֛וֹץ נָתַץ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 conj _ Gloss=pull.down|Ref=JER_31:28!6|MId=o240310280063|Strong=5422|Frame=A0:240310270051;A1:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-15 וְלַהֲרֹ֖ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!7|MId=o240310280071|Strong=2050b 14 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!7|MId=o240310280072|Strong=3807a 15 הֲרֹ֖ס הָרַס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 conj _ Gloss=tear.down|Ref=JER_31:28!7|MId=o240310280073|Strong=2040|Frame=A0:240310270051;A1:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-18 וּלְהַאֲבִ֣יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!8|MId=o240310280081|Strong=2050b 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!8|MId=o240310280082|Strong=3807a 18 הַאֲבִ֣יד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 9 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=JER_31:28!8|MId=o240310280083|Strong=0006|Frame=AA:240310270051;A0:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-21 וּלְהָרֵ֑עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!9|MId=o240310280091|Strong=2050b 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!9|MId=o240310280092|Strong=3807a 21 הָרֵ֑עַ רָעַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 9 conj _ Gloss=do.harm|Ref=JER_31:28!9|MId=o240310280093|Strong=7489|Frame=AA:240310270051;A0:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 כֵּ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=JER_31:28!10|MId=o240310280101|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 23 אֶשְׁקֹ֧ד שָׁקַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.keep.watch|Ref=JER_31:28!11|MId=o240310280111|Strong=8245|Frame=A0:240310270051;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JER_31:28!12|MId=o240310280121|Strong=5921 25 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_31:28!12|MId=o240310280122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26-27 לִבְנ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!13|MId=o240310280131|Strong=3807a 27 בְנ֥וֹת בָּנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=build|Ref=JER_31:28!13|MId=o240310280132|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:240310270051;A1:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-30 וְלִנְט֖וֹעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:28!14|MId=o240310280141|Strong=2050b 29 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:28!14|MId=o240310280142|Strong=3807a 30 נְט֖וֹעַ נָטַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 conj _ Gloss=plant|Ref=JER_31:28!14|MId=o240310280143|Strong=5193|Frame=A0:240310270051;A1:240310270081;240310270111;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_31:28!15|MId=o240310280151|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 32 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:28!16|MId=o240310280161|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JER_31:28!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁקַדְתִּי *I kept watch* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נְתוֹשׁ *pluck up* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | נְתוֹץ *pull down* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הֲרֹס *tear down* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הַאֲבִיד *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | | | | | הָרֵעַ *do harm* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | | | | | אֶשְׁקֹד *I will keep watch* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | בְנוֹת *build* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | נְטוֹעַ *plant* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהִי כְמָה דְחַשְׁבֵית עֲלֵיהוֹן לְמֶעְקַר וּלְתַרְעָא וּלְפַגְרָא וּלְאַבָּדָא וּלְאַבְאָשָׁא כֵּן יֶחְדֵי מֵימְרֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן לְמֶבְנֵי וּלְקָיָמָא אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down, and to overthrow and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them to build and to plant, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.863/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:771`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.27/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.29/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)