--- title: Jeremiah 31:35 — Thus saith the LORD, Who giveth the sun for a light by day, and the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD, Who giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirreth up the sea, that the waves thereof roar, the LORD of hosts is His name: Who acts: LORD, waves, name, night. Jeremiah 31:35 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.35/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:35 # Jeremiah 31:35 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, waves, name, night · **What happens:** say, give, stir up, roar, be, ordain · **To what, where:** sun, sea, LORD, moon · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 31:35 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, waves, name, night — and what happens in the verse to sun, sea, LORD, moon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים לְא֣וֹר לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ [Thus saith the LORD, Who giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirreth up the sea, that the waves thereof roar, the LORD of hosts is His name:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.870/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:778 # text = כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים לְא֣וֹר לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ # verse = JER.31.35 1 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_31:35!1|MId=o240310350011|Strong=3541 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JER_31:35!1 3 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_31:35!2|MId=o240310350021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240310350031;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:35!3|MId=o240310350031|Strong=3068 5 נֹתֵ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[who].gives|Ref=JER_31:35!4|MId=o240310350041|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240310350031;A1:240310350051;|Type=participle_active 6 שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=[the].sun|Ref=JER_31:35!5|MId=o240310350051|Strong=8121 7-8 לְא֣וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_31:35!6|MId=o240310350061|Strong=3807a 8 א֣וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=JER_31:35!6|MId=o240310350062|Strong=0216 9 יוֹמָ֔ם יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=JER_31:35!7|MId=o240310350071|Strong=3119 10 חֻקֹּ֛ת חֻקָּה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ Gloss=[the].fixed.order(s)|Ref=JER_31:35!8|MId=o240310350081|Strong=2708 11 יָרֵ֥חַ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].moon|Ref=JER_31:35!9|MId=o240310350091|Strong=3394 12-13 וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JER_31:35!10|MId=o240310350101|Strong=2050b 13 כוֹכָבִ֖ים כּוֹכָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=stars|Ref=JER_31:35!10|MId=o240310350102|Strong=3556 14-15 לְא֣וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_31:35!11|MId=o240310350111|Strong=3807a 15 א֣וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=JER_31:35!11|MId=o240310350112|Strong=0216 16 לָ֑יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=JER_31:35!12|MId=o240310350121|Strong=3915 17 רֹגַ֤ע רָגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[who].stirs.up|Ref=JER_31:35!13|MId=o240310350131|Strong=7280|Frame=A0:240310350031;A1:240310350142;|Type=participle_active 18-19 הַיָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_31:35!14|MId=o240310350141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 יָּם֙ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JER_31:35!14|MId=o240310350142|Strong=3220 20-21 וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:35!15|MId=o240310350151|Strong=2050b 21 יֶּהֱמ֣וּ הָמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.roared|Ref=JER_31:35!15|MId=o240310350152|Strong=1993|Frame=A0:240310350161;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 גַלָּ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 גַלָּ֔י גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=waves|Ref=JER_31:35!16|MId=o240310350161|Strong=1530a 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_31:35!16|MId=o240310350162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 acl _ Gloss=[is].Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:35!17|MId=o240310350171|Strong=3068 25 צְבָא֖וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=JER_31:35!18|MId=o240310350181|Strong=6635 26-27 שְׁמֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=JER_31:35!19|MId=o240310350191|Strong=8034 27 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_31:35!19|MId=o240310350192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_31:35!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | נֹתֵן *\[who\] gives* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | שֶׁמֶשׁ *\[the\] sun* | | | | רֹגַע *\[who\] stirs up* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יָּם *sea* | | | | יֶּהֱמוּ *they roared* | wayyiqtol · qal | גַלָּי *waves* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ דִיהַב שִׁמְשָׁא לְאַנְהָרָא בִּימָמָא גְּזֵירָת סִיהֲרָא וְכוֹכְבַיָּא לְאַנְהָרָא בְלֵילְיָא נְזַף בְּיַמָא וְהָמָן גַלוֹהִי יְיָ צְבָאוֹת שְׁמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD, Who giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirreth up the sea, that the waves thereof roar, the LORD of hosts is His name:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.870/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:778`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.34/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.36/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)