--- title: Jeremiah 31:40 — And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever. Who acts: whole valley. Jeremiah 31:40 in Hebrew with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / 31:40 # Jeremiah 31:40 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** whole valley · **What happens:** be, not pluck up, throw down · **To what, where:** gate This is Jeremiah 31:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — whole valley — and what happens in the verse to gate, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־הָעֵ֣מֶק הַפְּגָרִ֣ים ׀ וְהַדֶּ֡שֶׁן וְכָֽל־הַשְּׁדֵמוֹת֩ עַד־נַ֨חַל קִדְר֜וֹן עַד־פִּנַּ֨ת שַׁ֤עַר הַסּוּסִים֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִנָּתֵ֧שׁ וְֽלֹא־יֵהָרֵ֛ס ע֖וֹד לְעוֹלָֽם׃ס [And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.875/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:783 # text = וְכָל־הָעֵ֣מֶק הַפְּגָרִ֣ים ׀ וְהַדֶּ֡שֶׁן וְכָֽל־הַשְּׁדֵמוֹת֩ עַד־נַ֨חַל קִדְר֜וֹן עַד־פִּנַּ֨ת שַׁ֤עַר הַסּוּסִים֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִנָּתֵ֧שׁ וְֽלֹא־יֵהָרֵ֛ס ע֖וֹד לְעוֹלָֽם׃ס # verse = JER.31.40 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:40!1|MId=o240310400011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_31:40!1|MId=o240310400012|Strong=3605 3-4 הָעֵ֣מֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_31:40!2|MId=o240310400021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עֵ֣מֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=valley|Ref=JER_31:40!2|MId=o240310400022|Strong=6010 5-6 הַפְּגָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_31:40!3|MId=o240310400031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 פְּגָרִ֣ים פֶּגֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 appos _ Gloss=corpses|Ref=JER_31:40!3|MId=o240310400032|Strong=6297 7 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Ref=JER_31:40!3 8-10 וְהַדֶּ֡שֶׁן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:40!4|MId=o240310400041|Strong=2050b 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the.fatty|Ref=JER_31:40!4|MId=o240310400042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 דֶּ֡שֶׁן דֶּשֶׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=ash|Ref=JER_31:40!4|MId=o240310400043|Strong=1880 11-12 וְכָֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:40!5|MId=o240310400051|Strong=2050b 12 כָֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_31:40!5|MId=o240310400052|Strong=3605 13-14 הַשְּׁדֵמוֹת֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_31:40!7|MId=o240310400071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שְּׁדֵמוֹת֩ שְׁדֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fields|Ref=JER_31:40!7|MId=o240310400072|Strong=7709 15 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:40!8|MId=o240310400081|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 16 נַ֨חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=JER_31:40!9|MId=o240310400091|Strong=5158 17 קִדְר֜וֹן קִדְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kidron|Ref=JER_31:40!10|MId=o240310400101|Strong=6939 18 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:40!11|MId=o240310400111|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 19 פִּנַּ֨ת פִּנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=the.corner|Ref=JER_31:40!12|MId=o240310400121|Strong=6438 20 שַׁ֤עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.gate|Ref=JER_31:40!13|MId=o240310400131|Strong=8179 21-22 הַסּוּסִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_31:40!14|MId=o240310400141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 סּוּסִים֙ סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.horses|Ref=JER_31:40!14|MId=o240310400142|Strong=5483 23-24 מִזְרָ֔חָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִזְרָ֔ח מִזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ Gloss=eastward|Ref=JER_31:40!15|MId=o240310400151|Strong=4217 24 ָה ה X _ _ 23 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_31:40!15|MId=o240310400152|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 25 קֹ֖דֶשׁ קֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[will.be].holy|Ref=JER_31:40!16|MId=o240310400161|Strong=6944 26-27 לַֽיהוָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_31:40!17|MId=o240310400171|Strong=3807a 27 יהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_31:40!17|MId=o240310400172|Strong=3068 28 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_31:40!18|MId=o240310400181|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 29 יִנָּתֵ֧שׁ נָתַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.plucked.up|Ref=JER_31:40!19|MId=o240310400191|Strong=5428|Frame=A1:240310380082;|Type=yiqtol 30-31 וְֽלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_31:40!20|MId=o240310400201|Strong=2050b 31 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_31:40!20|MId=o240310400202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 יֵהָרֵ֛ס הָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.torn.down|Ref=JER_31:40!21|MId=o240310400211|Strong=2040|Frame=A1:240310380082;|Type=yiqtol 33 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=JER_31:40!22|MId=o240310400221|Strong=5750 34-35 לְעוֹלָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=forever|Ref=JER_31:40!23|MId=o240310400231|Strong=3807a 35 עוֹלָֽם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=JER_31:40!23|MId=o240310400232|Strong=5769 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JER_31:40!23|SpaceAfter=No 37 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JER_31:40!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִנָּתֵשׁ *it will be plucked up* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | **not** יֵהָרֵס *it will be torn down* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכָל מֵישְׁרָא אֲתַר דִנְפָלוּ תַמָן פִּגְרֵי מַשִׁרְיַת אַתּוּרָאָה וְכָל אֲרִיתָא עַד נַחְלָא דְקִידְרוֹן עַד זָוִית תְּרַע בֵּית רֵיסָא דְמַלְכָּא מַדִינְחָא קוּדְשָׁא קֳדָם יְיָ לָא יִתְעַקֵר וְלָא יִתְפַּגֵר עוֹד לַעֲלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.875/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:783`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.39/) - next →: [Jeremiah 32:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.32.1/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/)