--- title: Jeremiah 34:16 — but ye turned and profaned My name, and caused every man his servant… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: but ye turned and profaned My name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had let go free at their pleasure, to return; and ye brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids. Who acts: ye, handmaid, man, My. Jeremiah 34:16 in Hebrew with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/) / 34:16 # Jeremiah 34:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ye, handmaid, man, My, handmaids · **What happens:** turn, profane, cause, let, go, return · **To what, where:** name, man, handmaid, pleasure, handmaids, subjection This is Jeremiah 34:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, handmaid, man, My, handmaids — and what happens in the verse to name, man, handmaid, pleasure, handmaids, subjection, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַתְּחַלְּל֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם חָפְשִׁ֖ים לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם וַתִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ אֹתָ֔ם לִֽהְי֣וֹת לָכֶ֔ם לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃ס [but ye turned and profaned My name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had let go free at their pleasure, to return; and ye brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.962/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:869 # text = וַתָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַתְּחַלְּל֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם חָפְשִׁ֖ים לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם וַתִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ אֹתָ֔ם לִֽהְי֣וֹת לָכֶ֔ם לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃ס # verse = JER.34.16 1-2 וַתָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:16!1|MId=o240340160011|Strong=2050b 2 תָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.turned.back|Ref=JER_34:16!1|MId=o240340160012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240340100032;240340100052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַתְּחַלְּל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:16!2|MId=o240340160021|Strong=2050b 4 תְּחַלְּל֣וּ חָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.profaned|Ref=JER_34:16!2|MId=o240340160022|Strong=2490|Frame=A0:240340100032;240340100052;A1:240340160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_34:16!3|MId=o240340160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 שְׁמִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=name|Ref=JER_34:16!4|MId=o240340160041|Strong=8034 7 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_34:16!4|MId=o240340160042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-9 וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:16!5|MId=o240340160051|Strong=2050b 9 תָּשִׁ֗בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.took.back|Ref=JER_34:16!5|MId=o240340160052|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:240340100032;240340100052;A0:240340160081;240340160111;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_34:16!6|MId=o240340160061|Strong=0376 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_34:16!7|MId=o240340160071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 עַבְדּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=slave|Ref=JER_34:16!8|MId=o240340160081|Strong=5650 13 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.[male]|Ref=JER_34:16!8|MId=o240340160082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:16!9|MId=o240340160091|Strong=2050b 15 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_34:16!9|MId=o240340160092|Strong=0376 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_34:16!10|MId=o240340160101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 שִׁפְחָת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שִׁפְחָת שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=slave|Ref=JER_34:16!11|MId=o240340160111|Strong=8198 18 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.female|Ref=JER_34:16!11|MId=o240340160112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=JER_34:16!12|MId=o240340160121|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 20 שִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.had.let.go|Ref=JER_34:16!13|MId=o240340160131|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240340100032;240340100052;A1:240340160081;240340160111;|Type=qatal 21 חָפְשִׁ֖ים חׇפְשִׁי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 xcomp _ Gloss=free.[people]|Ref=JER_34:16!14|MId=o240340160141|Strong=2670|Type=adjective 22-24 לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_34:16!15|MId=o240340160151|Strong=3807a 23 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=desire|Ref=JER_34:16!15|MId=o240340160152|Strong=5315 24 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_34:16!15|MId=o240340160153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַתִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:16!16|MId=o240340160161|Strong=2050b 26 תִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ כָּבַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.forced.into.slavery|Ref=JER_34:16!16|MId=o240340160162|Strong=3533|Frame=A0:240340100032;240340100052;A1:240340160172;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-28 אֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_34:16!17|MId=o240340160171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_34:16!17|MId=o240340160172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 לִֽהְי֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_34:16!18|MId=o240340160181|Strong=3807a 30 הְי֣וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 34 cop _ Gloss=become|Ref=JER_34:16!18|MId=o240340160182|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240340160081;240340160111;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 לָכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ל לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_34:16!19|MId=o240340160191|Strong=3807a 32 ָכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_34:16!19|MId=o240340160192|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 33-34 לַעֲבָדִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(into).[male]|Ref=JER_34:16!20|MId=o240340160201|Strong=3807a 34 עֲבָדִ֖ים עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=slaves|Ref=JER_34:16!20|MId=o240340160202|Strong=5650 35-37 וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and.(into)|Ref=JER_34:16!21|MId=o240340160211|Strong=2050b 36 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=female|Ref=JER_34:16!21|MId=o240340160212|Strong=3807a 37 שְׁפָחֽוֹת שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 34 conj _ Gloss=slaves|Ref=JER_34:16!21|MId=o240340160213|Strong=8198 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JER_34:16!21|SpaceAfter=No 39 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JER_34:16!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּשֻׁבוּ *you turned back* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תְּחַלְּלוּ *you profaned* | wayyiqtol · piel | | שְׁמ *name* | | | | תָּשִׁבוּ *you took back* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עַבְדּ *slave* + שִׁפְחָת *slave* | | | | | שִׁלַּחְתֶּם *you had let go* | qatal · piel | | עַבְדּ *slave* + שִׁפְחָת *slave* | | | | תִּכְבְּשׁוּ *you forced into slavery* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ָם *them* | | | | הְיוֹת *become* | infinitive construct · qal | עַבְדּ *slave* + שִׁפְחָת *slave* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתַבְתּוּן וְאָחַלְתּוּן יַת שְׁמִי וַאֲתֵיבְתּוּן גְבַר יַת עַבְדֵיהּ וּגְבַר יַת אַמְתֵיהּ דִי פְטַרְתּוּן בְּנֵי חוֹרִין לְנַפְשָׁתְהוֹן וּכְבֵישְׁתּוּן יַתְהוֹן לְמֶהֱוֵי לְכוֹן לְעַבְדִין וּלְאַמְהָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [but ye turned and profaned My name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had let go free at their pleasure, to return; and ye brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.962/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:869`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 34:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 34:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.17/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/)