--- title: Jeremiah 34:20 — I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life; and their dead bodies shall be for food unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth. Who acts: I, hand, dead bodies. Jeremiah 34:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonath --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/) / 34:20 # Jeremiah 34:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, hand, dead bodies · **What happens:** give, seek, be · **To what, where:** parts, hand, life This is Jeremiah 34:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, hand, dead bodies — and what happens in the verse to parts, hand, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָתַתִּ֤י אוֹתָם֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life; and their dead bodies shall be for food unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.966/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:873 # text = וְנָתַתִּ֤י אוֹתָם֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = JER.34.20 1-2 וְנָתַתִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:20!1|MId=o240340200011|Strong=2050b 2 נָתַתִּ֤י נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=JER_34:20!1|MId=o240340200012|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240340170201;A1:240340200022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 אוֹתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_34:20!2|MId=o240340200021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_34:20!2|MId=o240340200022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 בְּיַ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_34:20!3|MId=o240340200031|Strong=0871a 6 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JER_34:20!3|MId=o240340200032|Strong=3027 7-8 אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹֽיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.enemies|Ref=JER_34:20!4|MId=o240340200041|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 8 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_34:20!4|MId=o240340200042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-11 וּבְיַ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:20!5|MId=o240340200051|Strong=2050b 10 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_34:20!5|MId=o240340200052|Strong=0871a 11 יַ֖ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JER_34:20!5|MId=o240340200053|Strong=3027 12 מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[those.who].seek|Ref=JER_34:20!6|MId=o240340200061|Strong=1245|Frame=A1:240340200071;|Type=participle_active 13-14 נַפְשָׁ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=life|Ref=JER_34:20!7|MId=o240340200071|Strong=5315 14 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=(of).their|Ref=JER_34:20!7|MId=o240340200072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְהָיְתָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:20!8|MId=o240340200081|Strong=2050b 16 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=JER_34:20!8|MId=o240340200082|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240340200091;|Type=weqatal 17-18 נִבְלָתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 נִבְלָת נְבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=corpse|Ref=JER_34:20!9|MId=o240340200091|Strong=5038 18 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_34:20!9|MId=o240340200092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=JER_34:20!10|MId=o240340200101|Strong=3807a 20 מַֽאֲכָ֔ל מַאֲכָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=food|Ref=JER_34:20!10|MId=o240340200102|Strong=3978 21-22 לְע֥וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_34:20!11|MId=o240340200111|Strong=3807a 22 ע֥וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.bird[s]|Ref=JER_34:20!11|MId=o240340200112|Strong=5775 23-24 הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_34:20!12|MId=o240340200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שָּׁמַ֖יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=JER_34:20!12|MId=o240340200122|Strong=8064 25-27 וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:20!13|MId=o240340200131|Strong=2050b 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_34:20!13|MId=o240340200132|Strong=3807a 27 בֶהֱמַ֥ת בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=JER_34:20!13|MId=o240340200133|Strong=0929 28-29 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_34:20!14|MId=o240340200141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=JER_34:20!14|MId=o240340200142|Strong=0776 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JER_34:20!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָתַתִּי *I will give* | weqatal · qal | | ָם *them* | | | | מְבַקְשֵׁי *of \[those who\] seek* | participle active · piel | | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | הָיְתָה *it will become* | weqatal · qal | נִבְלָת *corpse* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַמְסַר יַתְהוֹן בְּיַד בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן וּבְיַד דְבָעָן לְמִקְטַלְהוֹן וּתְהֵי נְבֶלְתְּהוֹן מְשַׁגְרָא לְמֵיכַל לְעוֹפָא דִשְׁמַיָא וְלִבְעִירָא דְאַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life; and their dead bodies shall be for food unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.966/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:873`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 34:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.19/) - next →: [Jeremiah 34:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.21/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/)