--- title: Jeremiah 34:7 — when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and agains… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities. Who acts: king. Jeremiah 34:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/) / 34:7 # Jeremiah 34:7 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** king · **What happens:** fight, leave, remain, fortify · **To what, where:** cities, Lachish, these This is Jeremiah 34:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king — and what happens in the verse to cities, Lachish, these, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְחֵ֣יל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל נִלְחָמִים֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת אֶל־לָכִישׁ֙ וְאֶל־עֲזֵקָ֔ה כִּ֣י הֵ֗נָּה נִשְׁאֲר֛וּ בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָֽר׃פ [when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.953/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:860 # text = וְחֵ֣יל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל נִלְחָמִים֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת אֶל־לָכִישׁ֙ וְאֶל־עֲזֵקָ֔ה כִּ֣י הֵ֗נָּה נִשְׁאֲר֛וּ בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָֽר׃פ # verse = JER.34.7 1-2 וְחֵ֣יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:7!1|MId=o240340070011|Strong=2050b 2 חֵ֣יל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=JER_34:7!1|MId=o240340070012|Strong=2428 3 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.king|Ref=JER_34:7!2|MId=o240340070021|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 4 בָּבֶ֗ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_34:7!3|MId=o240340070031|Strong=0894 5 נִלְחָמִים֙ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].fighting|Ref=JER_34:7!4|MId=o240340070041|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:240340070012;|Type=participle_active 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_34:7!5|MId=o240340070051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=JER_34:7!6|MId=o240340070061|Strong=3389 8-9 וְעַ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:7!7|MId=o240340070071|Strong=2050b 9 עַ֛ל עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_34:7!7|MId=o240340070072|Strong=5921 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_34:7!8|MId=o240340070081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=JER_34:7!9|MId=o240340070091|Strong=5892 12 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_34:7!10|MId=o240340070101|Strong=3063 13-14 הַנּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=[which|Ref=JER_34:7!11|MId=o240340070111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 נּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 11 appos _ Gloss=were].left|Ref=JER_34:7!11|MId=o240340070112|Strong=3498|Frame=A1:240340070091;|Type=participle_active 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JER_34:7!12|MId=o240340070121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16 לָכִישׁ֙ לָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=Lachish|Ref=JER_34:7!13|MId=o240340070131|Strong=3923 17-18 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_34:7!14|MId=o240340070141|Strong=2050b 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JER_34:7!14|MId=o240340070142|Strong=0413 19 עֲזֵקָ֔ה עֲזֵקָה PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Azekah|Ref=JER_34:7!15|MId=o240340070151|Strong=5825 20 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_34:7!16|MId=o240340070161|Strong=3588 21 הֵ֗נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_34:7!17|MId=o240340070171|Strong=2007|Type=personal 22 נִשְׁאֲר֛וּ שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 advcl _ Gloss=they.remained|Ref=JER_34:7!18|MId=o240340070181|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:240340070171;|Type=qatal 23-24 בְּעָרֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JER_34:7!19|MId=o240340070191|Strong=0871a 24 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=JER_34:7!19|MId=o240340070192|Strong=5892 25 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_34:7!20|MId=o240340070201|Strong=3063 26 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 24 appos _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JER_34:7!21|MId=o240340070211|Strong=5892 27 מִבְצָֽר מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fortification|Ref=JER_34:7!22|MId=o240340070221|Strong=4013|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_34:7!22|SpaceAfter=No 29 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_34:7!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִלְחָמִים *\[were\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | חֵיל *the army* | | | | | נּֽוֹתָרוֹת *were\] left* | participle active · niphal | | עָרֵי *the cities* | | | | נִשְׁאֲרוּ *they remained* | qatal · niphal | | הֵנָּה *they* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַשִׁרְיַת מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל מַגִיחִין קְרָבָא עַל יְרוּשְׁלֵם וְעַל כָּל קִרְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה דְאִשְׁתְּאָרָא עַל לָכִישׁ וְעַל עֲזֵקָה אֲרֵי אִינוּן אִשְׁתְּאָרָא בְּקִרְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה קִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.953/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:860`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 34:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.6/) - next →: [Jeremiah 34:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.8/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/34/)