--- title: Jeremiah 36:31 — And I will visit upon him and his seed and his servants their iniqui… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will visit upon him and his seed and his servants their iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them, but they hearkened not.' Who acts: I, inhabitants. Jeremiah 36:31 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.36.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/36/) / 36:31 # Jeremiah 36:31 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, inhabitants · **What happens:** visit, bring, pronounce, not hearken · **To what, where:** evil This is Jeremiah 36:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עָלָ֧יו וְעַל־זַרְע֛וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י עֲ֠לֵיהֶם וְעַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וְאֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֧ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ס [And I will visit upon him and his seed and his servants their iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them, but they hearkened not.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1019/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:925 # text = וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עָלָ֧יו וְעַל־זַרְע֛וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י עֲ֠לֵיהֶם וְעַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וְאֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֧ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ס # verse = JER.36.31 1-2 וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!1|MId=o240360310011|Strong=2050b 2 פָקַדְתִּ֨י פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.visit|Ref=JER_36:31!1|MId=o240360310012|Strong=6485|Frame=A0:240360300041;A1:240360310081;|Type=weqatal 3-4 עָלָ֧יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָלָ֧י עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_36:31!2|MId=o240360310021|Strong=5921 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JER_36:31!2|MId=o240360310022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-6 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!3|MId=o240360310031|Strong=2050b 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_36:31!3|MId=o240360310032|Strong=5921 7-8 זַרְע֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=JER_36:31!4|MId=o240360310041|Strong=2233 8 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_36:31!4|MId=o240360310042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!5|MId=o240360310051|Strong=2050b 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_36:31!5|MId=o240360310052|Strong=5921 11-12 עֲבָדָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עֲבָדָ֖י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=JER_36:31!6|MId=o240360310061|Strong=5650 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_36:31!6|MId=o240360310062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_36:31!7|MId=o240360310071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 עֲוֺנָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=JER_36:31!8|MId=o240360310081|Strong=5771 15 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_36:31!8|MId=o240360310082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!9|MId=o240360310091|Strong=2050b 17 הֵבֵאתִ֣י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.bring|Ref=JER_36:31!9|MId=o240360310092|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:240360300041;A0:240360310192;|Type=weqatal 18-19 עֲ֠לֵיהֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲ֠לֵי עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_36:31!10|MId=o240360310101|Strong=5921 19 הֶם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_36:31!10|MId=o240360310102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!11|MId=o240360310111|Strong=2050b 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_36:31!11|MId=o240360310112|Strong=5921 22 יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JER_36:31!12|MId=o240360310121|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 23 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JER_36:31!13|MId=o240360310131|Strong=3389 24-25 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!14|MId=o240360310141|Strong=2050b 25 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_36:31!14|MId=o240360310142|Strong=0413 26 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_36:31!15|MId=o240360310151|Strong=0376 27 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_36:31!16|MId=o240360310161|Strong=3063 28 אֵ֧ת אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_36:31!17|MId=o240360310171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_36:31!18|MId=o240360310181|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הָרָעָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_36:31!19|MId=o240360310191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 רָעָ֛ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=JER_36:31!19|MId=o240360310192|Strong=7451b 32 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_36:31!20|MId=o240360310201|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 33 דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.have.spoken|Ref=JER_36:31!21|MId=o240360310211|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:240360300041;A1:240360310192;|Type=qatal 34-35 אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JER_36:31!22|MId=o240360310221|Strong=0413 35 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_36:31!22|MId=o240360310222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_36:31!23|MId=o240360310231|Strong=2050b 37 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_36:31!23|MId=o240360310232|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38 שָׁמֵֽעוּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.listened|Ref=JER_36:31!24|MId=o240360310241|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:240360300061;240360310041;240360310061;240360310121;240360310151;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JER_36:31!24|SpaceAfter=No 40 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JER_36:31!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | פָקַדְתִּי *I will visit* | weqatal · qal | | עֲוֺנ *iniquity* | | | | הֵבֵאתִי *I will bring* | weqatal · hiphil | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | | דִּבַּרְתִּי *I have spoken* | qatal · piel | | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | **not** שָׁמֵֽעוּ *they listened* | qatal · qal | זַרְע *offspring* + עֲבָדָי *servants* + יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* + אִישׁ *everyone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַסְעַר עֲלוֹהִי וְעַל בְּנוֹהִי וְעַל עַבְדוֹהִי יַת חוֹבֵיהוֹן וְאַיְתִי עֲלֵיהוֹן וְעַל יַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֶם וְעַל אֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה יַת כָּל בִּישָׁתָא דִגְזָרֵית עֲלֵיהוֹן וְלָא קַבִּילוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will visit upon him and his seed and his servants their iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them, but they hearkened not.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1019/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:925`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 36:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.36.30/) - next →: [Jeremiah 36:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.36.32/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/36/)