--- title: Jeremiah 38:16 — So Zedekiah the king swore secretly unto Jeremiah, saying: 'As the L… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Zedekiah the king swore secretly unto Jeremiah, saying: 'As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life.' Who acts: Zedekiah, LORD, I, men. Jeremiah 38:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/) / 38:16 # Jeremiah 38:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Zedekiah, LORD, I, men · **What happens:** swear, say, live, make, not put, give · **To what, where:** soul, us, thee, hand, life · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 38:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zedekiah, LORD, I, men — and what happens in the verse to soul, us, thee, hand, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשָּׁבַ֞ע הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֛הוּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂה־לָ֨נוּ אֶת־הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַזֹּאת֙ אִם־אֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְאִם־אֶתֶּנְךָ֗ בְּיַד֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ס [So Zedekiah the king swore secretly unto Jeremiah, saying: 'As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1059/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:963 # text = וַיִּשָּׁבַ֞ע הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֛הוּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂה־לָ֨נוּ אֶת־הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַזֹּאת֙ אִם־אֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְאִם־אֶתֶּנְךָ֗ בְּיַד֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ס # verse = JER.38.16 1-2 וַיִּשָּׁבַ֞ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_38:16!1|MId=o240380160011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשָּׁבַ֞ע שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.swore|Ref=JER_38:16!1|MId=o240380160012|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:240380160022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:16!2|MId=o240380160021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֧לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JER_38:16!2|MId=o240380160022|Strong=4428 5 צִדְקִיָּ֛הוּ צִדְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 4 appos _ Gloss=Zedekiah|Ref=JER_38:16!3|MId=o240380160031|Strong=6667a 6 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_38:16!4|MId=o240380160041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ יִרְמְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jeremiah|Ref=JER_38:16!5|MId=o240380160051|Strong=3414a 8-10 בַּסֵּ֣תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_38:16!6|MId=o240380160061|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:16!6|MId=o240380160061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 סֵּ֣תֶר סֵתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=secrecy|Ref=JER_38:16!6|MId=o240380160062|Strong=5643 11-12 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 13 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_38:16!7|MId=o240380160071|Strong=3807a 12 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_38:16!7|MId=o240380160072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240380160022;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=JER_38:16!8|MId=o240380160081|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָ֞ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_38:16!9|MId=o240380160091|Strong=3068 15 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JER_38:16!11|MId=o240380160111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 עָשָׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.made|Ref=JER_38:16!12|MId=o240380160121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240380160091;A1:240380160162;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 לָ֨נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_38:16!13|MId=o240380160131|Strong=3807a 18 ָ֨נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JER_38:16!13|MId=o240380160132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:16!14|MId=o240380160141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:16!15|MId=o240380160151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 נֶּ֤פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=JER_38:16!15|MId=o240380160152|Strong=5315 22-23 הַזֹּאת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:16!16|MId=o240380160161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 זֹּאת֙ זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_38:16!16|MId=o240380160162|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 24 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=JER_38:16!17|MId=o240380160171|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 אֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֲמִית מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_38:16!18|MId=o240380160181|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:240380160022;A0:240380160192;|Type=yiqtol 26 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=will.put.you.to.death|Ref=JER_38:16!18|MId=o240380160182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_38:16!19|MId=o240380160191|Strong=2050b 28 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=JER_38:16!19|MId=o240380160192|Strong=0518 29-30 אֶתֶּנְךָ֗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֶתֶּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 25 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_38:16!20|MId=o240380160201|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240380160022;A1:240380160212;|Type=yiqtol 30 ְךָ֗ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.give.you|Ref=JER_38:16!20|MId=o240380160202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31-32 בְּיַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_38:16!21|MId=o240380160211|Strong=0871a 32 יַד֙ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JER_38:16!21|MId=o240380160212|Strong=3027 33-34 הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_38:16!22|MId=o240380160221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JER_38:16!22|MId=o240380160222|Strong=0376 35-36 הָאֵ֔לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:16!23|MId=o240380160231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 אֵ֔לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 34 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JER_38:16!23|MId=o240380160232|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 37 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JER_38:16!24|MId=o240380160241|Strong=0834|Type=relative 38 מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 34 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].seeking|Ref=JER_38:16!25|MId=o240380160251|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:240380160232;A1:240380160281;|Type=participle_active 39 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:16!26|MId=o240380160261|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 40-41 נַפְשֶֽׁךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=JER_38:16!27|MId=o240380160271|Strong=5315 41 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_38:16!27|MId=o240380160272|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=JER_38:16!27|SpaceAfter=No 43 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=JER_38:16!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשָּׁבַע *he swore* | wayyiqtol · niphal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | עָשָׂה־ *he has made* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | זֹּאת *this* | | | | אֲמִית *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | אִם־ *if* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | אֶתֶּנ *I* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | יַד *the hand* | | | | מְבַקְשִׁים *\[are\] seeking* | participle active · piel | אֵלֶּה *these* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקַיָם מַלְכָּא צִדְקִיָה לְיִרְמְיָה בְּסִתְרָא לְמֵימָר קַיָם הוּא יְיָ יַת דְקַיֵם לָנָא יַת נַפְשָׁתָא הָאִלֵין אִם אֶקְטְלִינָךְ וְאִם אֶמְסְרִינָךְ בְּיַד גַבְרַיָא הָאִלֵין דְבָעָן לְמִקְטְלָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Zedekiah the king swore secretly unto Jeremiah, saying: 'As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1059/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:963`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 38:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 38:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.17/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/)