--- title: Jeremiah 38:4 — Then the princes said unto the king: 'Let this man, we pray thee, be… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the princes said unto the king: 'Let this man, we pray thee, be put to death; forasmuch as he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them; for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt.' Wh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/) / 38:4 # Jeremiah 38:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** princes, we, man, king, men · **What happens:** say, let, pray, put, weaken, remain · **To what, where:** man, thee, hands, city, such words, welfare · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 38:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, we, man, king, men — and what happens in the verse to man, thee, hands, city, such words, welfare, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הַשָּׂרִ֜ים אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ י֣וּמַת נָא֮ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּה֒ כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֡ן הֽוּא־מְרַפֵּ֡א אֶת־יְדֵי֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים ׀ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֗את וְאֵת֙ יְדֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֗ה אֵינֶ֨נּוּ דֹרֵ֧שׁ לְשָׁל֛וֹם לָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כִּ֥י אִם־לְרָעָֽה׃ [Then the princes said unto the king: 'Let this man, we pray thee, be put to death; forasmuch as he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them; for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1046/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:951 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הַשָּׂרִ֜ים אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ י֣וּמַת נָא֮ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּה֒ כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֡ן הֽוּא־מְרַפֵּ֡א אֶת־יְדֵי֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים ׀ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֗את וְאֵת֙ יְדֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֗ה אֵינֶ֨נּוּ דֹרֵ֧שׁ לְשָׁל֛וֹם לָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כִּ֥י אִם־לְרָעָֽה׃ # verse = JER.38.4 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_38:4!1|MId=o240380040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֨וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JER_38:4!1|MId=o240380040012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240380040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשָּׂרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!2|MId=o240380040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שָּׂרִ֜ים שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=JER_38:4!2|MId=o240380040022|Strong=8269 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_38:4!3|MId=o240380040031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!4|MId=o240380040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מֶּ֗לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=JER_38:4!4|MId=o240380040042|Strong=4428 8 י֣וּמַת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=let.him.be.put.to.death|Ref=JER_38:4!5|MId=o240380040051|Strong=4191|Frame=A1:240380040082;|Type=jussive 9 נָא֮ נָא INTJ _ _ 8 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JER_38:4!6|MId=o240380040061|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:4!7|MId=o240380040071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!8|MId=o240380040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JER_38:4!8|MId=o240380040082|Strong=0376 13-14 הַזֶּה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!9|MId=o240380040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 זֶּה֒ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 12 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_38:4!9|MId=o240380040092|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_38:4!10|MId=o240380040101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_38:4!11|MId=o240380040111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 כֵּ֡ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_38:4!12|MId=o240380040121|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 18 הֽוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_38:4!13|MId=o240380040131|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 19 מְרַפֵּ֡א רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].making.drop|Ref=JER_38:4!14|MId=o240380040141|Strong=7503|Frame=A0:240380040131;A1:240380040161;240380040231;|Type=participle_active 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:4!15|MId=o240380040151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 יְדֵי֩ יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 19 obj _ Gloss=the.hands|Ref=JER_38:4!16|MId=o240380040161|Strong=3027 22 אַנְשֵׁ֨י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.men|Ref=JER_38:4!17|MId=o240380040171|Strong=0376 23-24 הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!18|MId=o240380040181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מִּלְחָמָ֜ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=JER_38:4!18|MId=o240380040182|Strong=4421 25-26 הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=JER_38:4!19|MId=o240380040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 נִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 22 appos _ Gloss=remain|Ref=JER_38:4!19|MId=o240380040192|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:240380040171;|Type=participle_active 27 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_38:4!19 28-30 בָּעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_38:4!20|MId=o240380040201|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!20|MId=o240380040201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JER_38:4!20|MId=o240380040202|Strong=5892 31-32 הַזֹּ֗את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!21|MId=o240380040211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 זֹּ֗את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_38:4!21|MId=o240380040212|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 33-34 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_38:4!22|MId=o240380040221|Strong=2050b 34 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:4!22|MId=o240380040222|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 35 יְדֵ֣י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 21 conj _ Gloss=the.hands|Ref=JER_38:4!23|MId=o240380040231|Strong=3027 36 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=JER_38:4!24|MId=o240380040241|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!25|MId=o240380040251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JER_38:4!25|MId=o240380040252|Strong=5971 39-40 לְדַבֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_38:4!26|MId=o240380040261|Strong=3807a 40 דַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 19 advcl _ Gloss=speaking|Ref=JER_38:4!26|MId=o240380040262|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:240380040082;|Type=infinitive_construct 41-42 אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_38:4!27|MId=o240380040271|Strong=0413 42 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_38:4!27|MId=o240380040272|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 43-45 כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=JER_38:4!28|MId=o240380040281|Strong=3509a 44 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_38:4!28|MId=o240380040281ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 דְּבָרִ֖ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 obl _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=JER_38:4!28|MId=o240380040282|Strong=1697 46-47 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!29|MId=o240380040291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 45 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JER_38:4!29|MId=o240380040292|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 48 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 67 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_38:4!30|MId=o240380040301|Strong=3588 49 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=JER_38:4!30 50-51 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 51 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!31|MId=o240380040311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 51 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 67 dislocated _ Gloss=man|Ref=JER_38:4!31|MId=o240380040312|Strong=0376 52-53 הַזֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 53 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!32|MId=o240380040321|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 53 זֶּ֗ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 51 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_38:4!32|MId=o240380040322|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 54-55 אֵינֶ֨נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 56 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_38:4!33|MId=o240380040331|Strong=0369|Type=negative 55 ֶ֨נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_38:4!33|MId=o240380040332|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 56 דֹרֵ֧שׁ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 67 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].seeking|Ref=JER_38:4!34|MId=o240380040341|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:240380040332;|Type=participle_active 57-58 לְשָׁל֛וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 58 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_38:4!35|MId=o240380040351|Strong=3807a 58 שָׁל֛וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 56 obl _ Gloss=welfare|Ref=JER_38:4!35|MId=o240380040352|Strong=7965 59-61 לָעָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 61 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_38:4!36|MId=o240380040361|Strong=3807a 60 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 61 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:4!36|MId=o240380040361ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 61 עָ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 56 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JER_38:4!36|MId=o240380040362|Strong=5971 62-63 הַזֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 63 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:4!37|MId=o240380040371|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 63 זֶּ֖ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 61 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_38:4!37|MId=o240380040372|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 64 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 67 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_38:4!38|MId=o240380040381|Strong=3588 65 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 64 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=JER_38:4!39|MId=o240380040391|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 66-67 לְרָעָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 67 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_38:4!40|MId=o240380040401|Strong=3807a 67 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 advcl _ Gloss=harm|Ref=JER_38:4!40|MId=o240380040402|Strong=7451b 68 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 67 punct _ Ref=JER_38:4!40 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָּׂרִים *officials* | | | | | יוּמַת *let him be put to death* | jussive · hophal | | אִישׁ *man* | | | | מְרַפֵּא *\[is\] making drop* | participle active · piel | הֽוּא־ *he* | יְדֵי *the hands* + יְדֵי *the hands* | | | | נִּשְׁאָרִים *remain* | participle active · niphal | | אַנְשֵׁי *of the men* | | | | דַבֵּר *speaking* | infinitive construct · piel | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** דֹרֵשׁ *\[is\] seeking* | participle active · qal | ֶנּוּ *he* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ רַבְרְבַיָא לְמַלְכָּא יִתְקְטֵיל כְּעַן גַבְרָא הָדֵין אֲרֵי עַל כֵּן הוּא מְרַשֵׁל יַת יְדֵי גַבְרֵי עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא דְאִשְׁתָּאֲרוּ בְּקַרְתָּא הָדָא וְיַת יְדֵי כָל עַמָא לְמֵלָלָא עִמְהוֹן כְּפִתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין אֲרֵי גַבְרָא הָדֵין לֵיתוֹהִי תָּבַע לִשְׁלָמָא לְעַמָא הָדֵין אֱלָהֵן לְבִישׁוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the princes said unto the king: 'Let this man, we pray thee, be put to death; forasmuch as he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them; for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1046/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:951`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 38:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 38:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/)