--- title: Jeremiah 38:9 — 'My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have do… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the pit; and he is like to die in the place where he is because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.' Who acts: men, water, man, more bread. Jeremiah 38:9 in Heb --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/) / 38:9 # Jeremiah 38:9 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** men, water, man, more bread · **What happens:** do, cast, be, die · **To what, where:** evil, all, Jeremiah, pit This is Jeremiah 38:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, water, man, more bread — and what happens in the verse to evil, all, Jeremiah, pit, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הֵרֵ֜עוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְיִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ אֶל־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיָּ֤מָת תַּחְתָּיו֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ב כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַלֶּ֛חֶם ע֖וֹד בָּעִֽיר׃ ['My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the pit; and he is like to die in the place where he is because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1052/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:956 # text = אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הֵרֵ֜עוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְיִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ אֶל־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיָּ֤מָת תַּחְתָּיו֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ב כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַלֶּ֛חֶם ע֖וֹד בָּעִֽיר׃ # verse = JER.38.9 1-2 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 dislocated _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=JER_38:9!1|MId=o240380090011|Strong=0113 2 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_38:9!1|MId=o240380090012|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 3-4 הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!2|MId=o240380090021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֗לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=JER_38:9!2|MId=o240380090022|Strong=4428 5 הֵרֵ֜עוּ רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.done.evil|Ref=JER_38:9!3|MId=o240380090031|Strong=7489|Frame=AA:240380090042;A0:240380090071;|Type=qatal 6-7 הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!4|MId=o240380090041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אֲנָשִׁ֤ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_38:9!4|MId=o240380090042|Strong=0376 8-9 הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:9!5|MId=o240380090051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 7 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JER_38:9!5|MId=o240380090052|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 10 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:9!6|MId=o240380090061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_38:9!7|MId=o240380090071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JER_38:9!8|MId=o240380090081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 עָשׂוּ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.done|Ref=JER_38:9!9|MId=o240380090091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240380090042;A1:240380090071;|Type=qatal 14-15 לְיִרְמְיָ֣הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_38:9!10|MId=o240380090101|Strong=3807a 15 יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ יִרְמְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Jeremiah|Ref=JER_38:9!10|MId=o240380090102|Strong=3414a 16-17 הַנָּבִ֔יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!11|MId=o240380090111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 נָּבִ֔יא נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=prophet|Ref=JER_38:9!11|MId=o240380090112|Strong=5030 18 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_38:9!12|MId=o240380090121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=JER_38:9!13|MId=o240380090131|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 20 הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.thrown|Ref=JER_38:9!14|MId=o240380090141|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:240380090042;A0:240380090102;|Type=qatal 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_38:9!15|MId=o240380090151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַבּ֑וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!16|MId=o240380090161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 בּ֑וֹר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=cistern|Ref=JER_38:9!16|MId=o240380090162|Strong=0953 24-25 וַיָּ֤מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_38:9!17|MId=o240380090171|Strong=2050b 25 יָּ֤מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=JER_38:9!17|MId=o240380090172|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:240380090102;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 תַּחְתָּיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 תַּחְתָּי תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_38:9!18|MId=o240380090181|Strong=8478 27 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.place|Ref=JER_38:9!18|MId=o240380090182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_38:9!19|MId=o240380090191|Strong=4480 29 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_38:9!19|MId=o240380090192|Strong=6440 30-31 הָֽרָעָ֔ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_38:9!20|MId=o240380090201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 רָעָ֔ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=famine|Ref=JER_38:9!20|MId=o240380090202|Strong=7458 32 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_38:9!21|MId=o240380090211|Strong=3588 33 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 5 advcl _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_38:9!22|MId=o240380090221|Strong=0369|Type=negative 34-35 הַלֶּ֛חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!23|MId=o240380090231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 לֶּ֛חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=food|Ref=JER_38:9!23|MId=o240380090232|Strong=3899 36 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=yet|Ref=JER_38:9!24|MId=o240380090241|Strong=5750 37-39 בָּעִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=JER_38:9!25|MId=o240380090251|Strong=0871a 38 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_38:9!25|MId=o240380090251ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JER_38:9!25|MId=o240380090252|Strong=5892 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JER_38:9!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** הֵרֵעוּ *they have done evil* | qatal · hiphil | כָּל־ *all* | | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | עָשׂוּ *they have done* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | הִשְׁלִיכוּ *they have thrown* | qatal · hiphil | יִרְמְיָהוּ *Jeremiah* | | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִרְמְיָהוּ *Jeremiah* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא אַבְאִישׁוּ גַבְרַיָא הָאִלֵין יַת כָּל דַעֲבַדוּ לְיִרְמְיָה נְבִיָא יַת דִרְמוֹהִי לְגוּבָא כְּבַר מִית בְּאַתְרֵיהּ מִן קֳדָם כַּפְנָא אֲרֵי לֵית לַחְמָא עוֹד בְּקַרְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the pit; and he is like to die in the place where he is because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1052/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:956`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 38:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.8/) - next →: [Jeremiah 38:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.38.10/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/38/)