--- title: Jeremiah 39:4 — And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah. Who acts: breach, Zedekiah, men. Jeremiah 39: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.39.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/39/) / 39:4 # Jeremiah 39:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** breach, Zedekiah, men · **What happens:** come, pass, see, flee, go, go out · **To what, where:** men, city, way This is Jeremiah 39:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — breach, Zedekiah, men — and what happens in the verse to men, city, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֠אָם צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽ֠יִּבְרְחוּ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ לַ֤יְלָה מִן־הָעִיר֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּשַׁ֖עַר בֵּ֣ין הַחֹמֹתָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֖א דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ [And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1078/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:979 # text = וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֠אָם צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽ֠יִּבְרְחוּ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ לַ֤יְלָה מִן־הָעִיר֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּשַׁ֖עַר בֵּ֣ין הַחֹמֹתָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֖א דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ # verse = JER.39.4 1-2 וַיְהִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_39:4!1|MId=o240390040011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֡י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JER_39:4!1|MId=o240390040012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=JER_39:4!2|MId=o240390040021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_39:4!2|MId=o240390040022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5-6 רָ֠אָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רָ֠א רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_39:4!3|MId=o240390040031|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:240390040032;A0:240390040041;240390040081;|Type=qatal 6 ָם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=saw.them|Ref=JER_39:4!3|MId=o240390040032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7 צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ צִדְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Zedekiah|Ref=JER_39:4!4|MId=o240390040041|Strong=6667a 8 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_39:4!5|MId=o240390040051|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 9 יְהוּדָ֜ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_39:4!6|MId=o240390040061|Strong=3063 10-11 וְכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_39:4!7|MId=o240390040071|Strong=2050b 11 כֹ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_39:4!7|MId=o240390040072|Strong=3605 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=JER_39:4!7 13 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JER_39:4!8|MId=o240390040081|Strong=0376 14-15 הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_39:4!9|MId=o240390040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=JER_39:4!9|MId=o240390040092|Strong=4421 16-17 וַֽ֠יִּבְרְחוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַֽ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_39:4!10|MId=o240390040101|Strong=2050b 17 יִּבְרְחוּ בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=JER_39:4!10|MId=o240390040102|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:240390040041;240390040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 וַיֵּצְא֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_39:4!11|MId=o240390040111|Strong=2050b 19 יֵּצְא֨וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=JER_39:4!11|MId=o240390040112|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:240390040041;240390040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 לַ֤יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=JER_39:4!12|MId=o240390040121|Strong=3915 21 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_39:4!13|MId=o240390040131|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_39:4!14|MId=o240390040141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JER_39:4!14|MId=o240390040142|Strong=5892 24 דֶּ֚רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=JER_39:4!15|MId=o240390040151|Strong=1870 25 גַּ֣ן גַּן NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.garden|Ref=JER_39:4!16|MId=o240390040161|Strong=1588 26-27 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_39:4!17|MId=o240390040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_39:4!17|MId=o240390040172|Strong=4428 28-29 בְּשַׁ֖עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_39:4!18|MId=o240390040181|Strong=0871a 29 שַׁ֖עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=a.gate|Ref=JER_39:4!18|MId=o240390040182|Strong=8179 30 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JER_39:4!19|MId=o240390040191|Strong=0996 31-32 הַחֹמֹתָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=JER_39:4!20|MId=o240390040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 חֹמֹתָ֑יִם חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 29 nmod _ Gloss=walls|Ref=JER_39:4!20|MId=o240390040202|Strong=2346 33-34 וַיֵּצֵ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_39:4!21|MId=o240390040211|Strong=2050b 34 יֵּצֵ֖א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=JER_39:4!21|MId=o240390040212|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:240390040041;240390040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 35 דֶּ֥רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=JER_39:4!22|MId=o240390040221|Strong=1870 36-37 הָעֲרָבָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_39:4!23|MId=o240390040231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עֲרָבָֽה עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Arabah|Ref=JER_39:4!23|MId=o240390040232|Strong=6160 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JER_39:4!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָא *he* | qatal · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* + אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | ָם *saw them* | | | | יִּבְרְחוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* + אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | יֵּצְאוּ *they went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* + אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* + אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד חֲזָנוּן צִדְקִיָה מְלַךְ שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְכָל גִבָּרֵי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא וַעֲרָקוּ וּנְפָקוּ בְּלֵילְיָא מִן קַרְתָּא בְּאוֹרַח גִינְתָא דְמַלְכָּא בְּתַרְעָא בֵּין שׁוּרַיָא וּנְפַק בְּאוֹרַח מֵישְׁרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1078/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:979`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 39:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.39.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 39:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.39.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/39/)