--- title: Jeremiah 4:20 — Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoile… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment. Who acts: Destruction. Jeremiah 4:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/4/) / 4:20 # Jeremiah 4:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Destruction · **What happens:** follow, spoil · **To what, where:** destruction, whole land, tents This is Jeremiah 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Destruction — and what happens in the verse to destruction, whole land, tents, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שֶׁ֤בֶר עַל־שֶׁ֙בֶר֙ נִקְרָ֔א כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּתְאֹם֙ שֻׁדְּד֣וּ אֹהָלַ֔י רֶ֖גַע יְרִיעֹתָֽי׃ [Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.122/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:100 # text = שֶׁ֤בֶר עַל־שֶׁ֙בֶר֙ נִקְרָ֔א כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּתְאֹם֙ שֻׁדְּד֣וּ אֹהָלַ֔י רֶ֖גַע יְרִיעֹתָֽי׃ # verse = JER.4.20 1 שֶׁ֤בֶר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=destruction|Ref=JER_4:20!1|MId=o240040200011|Strong=7667 2 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_4:20!2|MId=o240040200021|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 3 שֶׁ֙בֶר֙ שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=destruction|Ref=JER_4:20!3|MId=o240040200031|Strong=7667 4 נִקְרָ֔א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.been.proclaimed|Ref=JER_4:20!4|MId=o240040200041|Strong=7121|Frame=A1:240040200011;|Type=qatal 5 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_4:20!5|MId=o240040200051|Strong=3588 6 שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.been.devastated|Ref=JER_4:20!6|MId=o240040200061|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:240040200082;|Type=qatal 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_4:20!7|MId=o240040200071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_4:20!8|MId=o240040200081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_4:20!8|MId=o240040200082|Strong=0776 10 פִּתְאֹם֙ פִּתְאֹם ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=suddenly|Ref=JER_4:20!9|MId=o240040200091|Strong=6597 11 שֻׁדְּד֣וּ שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.been.devastated|Ref=JER_4:20!10|MId=o240040200101|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:240040200111;|Type=qatal 12-13 אֹהָלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֹהָל אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=tents|Ref=JER_4:20!11|MId=o240040200111|Strong=0168 13 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_4:20!11|MId=o240040200112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 רֶ֖גַע רֶגַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ Gloss=a.moment|Ref=JER_4:20!12|MId=o240040200121|Strong=7281 15-16 יְרִיעֹתָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 יְרִיעֹת יְרִיעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=curtains|Ref=JER_4:20!13|MId=o240040200131|Strong=3407 16 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.tent|Ref=JER_4:20!13|MId=o240040200132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=JER_4:20!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִקְרָא *it has been proclaimed* | qatal · niphal | | שֶׁבֶר *destruction* | | | | שֻׁדְּדָה *it has been devastated* | qatal · pual | | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | שֻׁדְּדוּ *they have been devastated* | qatal · pual | | אֹהָל *tents* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} תְּבָרָא עַל תְּבָרָא יִתְעַרַע אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזַת כָּל אַרְעָא בִּתְכֵּיף חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעִי זְמַן חֲדָא כָּל קִרְוָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Destruction followeth upon destruction, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.122/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:100`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.19/) - next →: [Jeremiah 4:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.21/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/4/)