--- title: Jeremiah 4:26 — I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and before His fierce anger. Who acts: I, fruitful field, LORD. Jeremiah 4:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/4/) / 4:26 # Jeremiah 4:26 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, fruitful field, LORD · **What happens:** behold, be, break down, anger · **To what, where:** wilderness, cities, presence This is Jeremiah 4:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, fruitful field, LORD — and what happens in the verse to wilderness, cities, presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ס [I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and before His fierce anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.128/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:106 # text = רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ס # verse = JER.4.26 1 רָאִ֕יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.looked|Ref=JER_4:26!1|MId=o240040260011|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240010010021;|Type=qatal 2-3 וְהִנֵּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_4:26!2|MId=o240040260021|Strong=2050b 3 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 7 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JER_4:26!2|MId=o240040260022|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 4-5 הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_4:26!3|MId=o240040260031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 כַּרְמֶ֖ל כַּרְמֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=garden-land|Ref=JER_4:26!3|MId=o240040260032|Strong=3759 6-7 הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=[was].(the)|Ref=JER_4:26!4|MId=o240040260041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מִּדְבָּ֑ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JER_4:26!4|MId=o240040260042|Strong=4057 8-9 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_4:26!5|MId=o240040260051|Strong=2050b 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_4:26!5|MId=o240040260052|Strong=3605 10-11 עָרָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עָרָ֗י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JER_4:26!6|MId=o240040260061|Strong=5892 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_4:26!6|MId=o240040260062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 נִתְּצוּ֙ נָתַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.had.been.pulled.down|Ref=JER_4:26!7|MId=o240040260071|Strong=5422|Frame=A1:240040260061;|Type=qatal 13-14 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_4:26!8|MId=o240040260081|Strong=4480 14 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_4:26!8|MId=o240040260082|Strong=6440 15 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_4:26!9|MId=o240040260091|Strong=3068 16-17 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_4:26!10|MId=o240040260101|Strong=4480 17 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_4:26!10|MId=o240040260102|Strong=6440 18 חֲר֥וֹן חָרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.burning|Ref=JER_4:26!11|MId=o240040260111|Strong=2740 19-20 אַפּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.anger|Ref=JER_4:26!12|MId=o240040260121|Strong=0639 20 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_4:26!12|MId=o240040260122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JER_4:26!12|SpaceAfter=No 22 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JER_4:26!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I looked* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִתְּצוּ *they had been pulled down* | qatal · niphal | | עָרָי *cities* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} חֲזֵיתִי וְהָא אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דַהֲוָה מְנַצְבָא כְּכַרְמֶלָא תָּבַת לְמֶהֱוֵי בְּמַדְבְּרָא וְכָל קִרְוָהָא צָדִיאָה מִן קֳדָם יְיָ מִן קֳדָם תְּקוֹף רוּגְזֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and before His fierce anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.128/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:106`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 4:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.25/) - next →: [Jeremiah 4:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.27/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/4/)