--- title: Jeremiah 40:12 — then all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were drive… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits in great abundance. Who acts: Jews. Jeremiah 40:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/) / 40:12 # Jeremiah 40:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** return, drive, come, gather · **To what, where:** places, Jews, Gedaliah, land, wine, great abundance This is Jeremiah 40:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jews — and what happens in the verse to places, Jews, Gedaliah, land, wine, great abundance, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ כָל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים מִכָּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִדְּחוּ־שָׁ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶֽרֶץ־יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וַיַּאַסְפ֛וּ יַ֥יִן וָקַ֖יִץ הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃פ [then all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits in great abundance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1105/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1005 # text = וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ כָל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים מִכָּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִדְּחוּ־שָׁ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶֽרֶץ־יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וַיַּאַסְפ֛וּ יַ֥יִן וָקַ֖יִץ הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃פ # verse = JER.40.12 1-2 וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:12!1|MId=o240400120011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=JER_40:12!1|MId=o240400120012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240400120032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_40:12!2|MId=o240400120021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:12!3|MId=o240400120031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יְּהוּדִ֗ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judeans|Ref=JER_40:12!3|MId=o240400120032|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 6-7 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_40:12!4|MId=o240400120041|Strong=4480 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_40:12!4|MId=o240400120042|Strong=3605 8-9 הַמְּקֹמוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:12!5|MId=o240400120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מְּקֹמוֹת֙ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=places|Ref=JER_40:12!5|MId=o240400120052|Strong=4725 10 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=JER_40:12!6|MId=o240400120061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 נִדְּחוּ־ נָדַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.been.driven.away|Ref=JER_40:12!7|MId=o240400120071|Strong=5080|Frame=A1:240400120032;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 12 שָׁ֔ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JER_40:12!8|MId=o240400120081|Strong=8033 13-14 וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:12!9|MId=o240400120091|Strong=2050b 14 יָּבֹ֧אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JER_40:12!9|MId=o240400120092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:240400120032;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JER_40:12!10|MId=o240400120101|Strong=0776|SpaceAfter=No 16 יְהוּדָ֛ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_40:12!11|MId=o240400120111|Strong=3063 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:12!12|MId=o240400120121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18 גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=JER_40:12!13|MId=o240400120131|Strong=1436a 19-21 הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:12!14|MId=o240400120141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מִּצְפָּ֑ת מִצְפֶּה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_40:12!14|MId=o240400120142|Strong=4709 21 ָה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=Mizpah|Ref=JER_40:12!14|MId=o240400120143|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 22-23 וַיַּאַסְפ֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:12!15|MId=o240400120151|Strong=2050b 23 יַּאַסְפ֛וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.gathered|Ref=JER_40:12!15|MId=o240400120152|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:240400120032;A1:240400120161;240400120172;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 יַ֥יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=JER_40:12!16|MId=o240400120161|Strong=3196 25-26 וָקַ֖יִץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:12!17|MId=o240400120171|Strong=2050b 26 קַ֖יִץ קַיִץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=summer.fruit|Ref=JER_40:12!17|MId=o240400120172|Strong=7019 27 הַרְבֵּ֥ה רָבָה ADV _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 23 advmod _ Gloss=much|Ref=JER_40:12!18|MId=o240400120181|Strong=7235b|Type=infinitive_absolute 28 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=JER_40:12!19|MId=o240400120191|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JER_40:12!19|SpaceAfter=No 30 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JER_40:12!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשֻׁבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Judeans* | | | | | נִדְּחוּ־ *they had been driven away* | qatal · niphal | | יְּהוּדִים *Judeans* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Judeans* | | | | | יַּאַסְפוּ *they gathered* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Judeans* | יַיִן *wine* + קַיִץ *summer fruit* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתָבוּ כָל יְהוּדָאֵי מִכָּל אַתְרַיָא דְאִתְבְּדָרוּ לְתַמָן וַאֲתוֹ לְאַרְעָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְוַת גְדַלְיָהוּ לְמִצְפְּיָא וּכְנָשׁוּ חַמְרָא וּדְבֵילְתָּא סַגִי לַחֲדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits in great abundance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1105/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1005`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.11/) - next →: [Jeremiah 40:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.13/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/)