--- title: Jeremiah 40:15 — Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it; wherefore should he take thy life, that all the Jews that are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant of Judah --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/) / 40:15 # Jeremiah 40:15 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Johanan, me, I, man, Gedaliah, remnant · **What happens:** speak, say, let, go, pray, slay · **To what, where:** Gedaliah, Mizpah, me, thee, Ishmael, life · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 40:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Johanan, me, I, man, Gedaliah, remnant — and what happens in the verse to Gedaliah, Mizpah, me, thee, Ishmael, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֡חַ אָמַ֣ר אֶל־גְּדַלְיָהוּ֩ בַסֵּ֨תֶר בַּמִּצְפָּ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע לָ֧מָּה יַכֶּ֣כָּה נֶּ֗פֶשׁ וְנָפֹ֙צוּ֙ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה הַנִּקְבָּצִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאָבְדָ֖ה שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ [Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it; wherefore should he take thy life, that all the Jews that are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1108/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1008 # text = וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֡חַ אָמַ֣ר אֶל־גְּדַלְיָהוּ֩ בַסֵּ֨תֶר בַּמִּצְפָּ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע לָ֧מָּה יַכֶּ֣כָּה נֶּ֗פֶשׁ וְנָפֹ֙צוּ֙ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה הַנִּקְבָּצִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאָבְדָ֖ה שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = JER.40.15 1-2 וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:15!1|MId=o240400150011|Strong=2050b 2 יוֹחָנָ֣ן יוֹחָנָן PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Johanan|Ref=JER_40:15!1|MId=o240400150012|Strong=3110 3 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:15!2|MId=o240400150021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 קָרֵ֡חַ קָרֵחַ PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kareah|Ref=JER_40:15!3|MId=o240400150031|Strong=7143 5 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JER_40:15!4|MId=o240400150041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240400150012;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:15!5|MId=o240400150051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 גְּדַלְיָהוּ֩ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=JER_40:15!6|MId=o240400150061|Strong=1436a 8-10 בַסֵּ֨תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_40:15!7|MId=o240400150071|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_40:15!7|MId=o240400150071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 סֵּ֨תֶר סֵתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=secrecy|Ref=JER_40:15!7|MId=o240400150072|Strong=5643 11-13 בַּמִּצְפָּ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JER_40:15!8|MId=o240400150081|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_40:15!8|MId=o240400150081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מִּצְפָּ֜ה מִצְפָּה PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Mizpah|Ref=JER_40:15!8|MId=o240400150082|Strong=4709 14-15 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_40:15!9|MId=o240400150091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_40:15!9|MId=o240400150092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240400150012;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אֵ֤לְכָה הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 ccomp _ Gloss=let.me.go|Ref=JER_40:15!10|MId=o240400150101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240400150012;|Type=cohortative 17 נָּא֙ נָא INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JER_40:15!11|MId=o240400150111|Strong=4994|Type=interjection 18-19 וְאַכֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:15!12|MId=o240400150121|Strong=2050b 19 אַכֶּה֙ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=let.me.strike.down|Ref=JER_40:15!12|MId=o240400150122|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:240400150012;A0:240400150141;|Type=cohortative 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_40:15!13|MId=o240400150131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל יִשְׁמָעֵאל PROPN _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=Ishmael|Ref=JER_40:15!14|MId=o240400150141|Strong=3458 22 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:15!15|MId=o240400150151|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 23 נְתַנְיָ֔ה נְתַנְיָה PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nethaniah|Ref=JER_40:15!16|MId=o240400150161|Strong=5418 24-25 וְאִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:15!17|MId=o240400150171|Strong=2050b 25 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JER_40:15!17|MId=o240400150172|Strong=0376 26 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_40:15!18|MId=o240400150181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 יֵדָ֑ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=he.will.know|Ref=JER_40:15!19|MId=o240400150191|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:240400150172;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 לָ֧מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לָ֧ לָמָה ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_40:15!20|MId=o240400150201|Strong=3807a 29 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 30 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JER_40:15!20|MId=o240400150202|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 30-31 יַכֶּ֣כָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 יַכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=JER_40:15!21|MId=o240400150211|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:240400150141;A0:240400150212;|Type=yiqtol 31 ֶ֣כָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=he.strike.you|Ref=JER_40:15!21|MId=o240400150212|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32 נֶּ֗פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=JER_40:15!22|MId=o240400150221|Strong=5315 33-34 וְנָפֹ֙צוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:15!23|MId=o240400150231|Strong=2050b 34 נָפֹ֙צוּ֙ פּוּץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=will.they.be.scattered|Ref=JER_40:15!23|MId=o240400150232|Strong=6327|Frame=A1:240400150251;|Type=weqatal 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_40:15!24|MId=o240400150241|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JER_40:15!25|MId=o240400150251|Strong=3063 37-38 הַנִּקְבָּצִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=JER_40:15!26|MId=o240400150261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 נִּקְבָּצִ֣ים קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 36 appos _ Gloss=have].gathered|Ref=JER_40:15!26|MId=o240400150262|Strong=6908|Frame=A1:240400150251;|Type=participle_passive 39-40 אֵלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אֵלֶ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:15!27|MId=o240400150271|Strong=0413 40 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_40:15!27|MId=o240400150272|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 41-42 וְאָבְדָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:15!28|MId=o240400150281|Strong=2050b 42 אָבְדָ֖ה אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=will.it.perish|Ref=JER_40:15!28|MId=o240400150282|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:240400150291;|Type=weqatal 43 שְׁאֵרִ֥ית שְׁאֵרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ Gloss=the.remnant|Ref=JER_40:15!29|MId=o240400150291|Strong=7611 44 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_40:15!30|MId=o240400150301|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JER_40:15!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | יוֹחָנָן *Johanan* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹחָנָן *Johanan* | | | | | אֵלְכָה *let me go* | cohortative · qal | יוֹחָנָן *Johanan* | | | | | אַכֶּה *let me strike down* | cohortative · hiphil | יִשְׁמָעֵאל *Ishmael* | | | יוֹחָנָן *Johanan* | | **not** יֵדָע *he will know* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | יַכּ *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶכָּה *he strike you* | | | יִשְׁמָעֵאל *Ishmael* | | נָפֹצוּ *will they be scattered* | weqatal · niphal | | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | נִּקְבָּצִים *have\] gathered* | participle passive · niphal | | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | אָבְדָה *will it perish* | weqatal · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיוֹחָנָן בַּר קָרֵחַ אֲמַר לִגְדַלְיָה בְסִתְרָא בְּמִצְפְּיָא לְמֵימָר אֱזֵיל כְּעַן וְאֶמְחֵי יַת יִשְׁמָעֵאל בַּר נְתַנְיָה וֶאֱנַשׁ לָא יְדַע לְמָה יְקַטְלִינָךְ נְפַשׁ וְיִתְבַּדְרוּן כָּל דְבֵית יְהוּדָה דְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ לְוָתָךְ וְיוֹבֵיד שְׁאָרָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it; wherefore should he take thy life, that all the Jews that are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1108/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1008`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.14/) - next →: [Jeremiah 40:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.16/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/)