--- title: Jeremiah 40:16 — But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.' Who acts: Gedaliah, Thou. Jeremiah 40:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/) / 40:16 # Jeremiah 40:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Gedaliah, Thou · **What happens:** say, not do, speak · **To what, where:** thing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 40:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gedaliah, Thou — and what happens in the verse to thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר גְּדַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָם֙ אֶל־יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ אַֽל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־שֶׁ֛קֶר אַתָּ֥ה דֹבֵ֖ר אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ס [But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1109/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1009 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר גְּדַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָם֙ אֶל־יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ אַֽל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־שֶׁ֛קֶר אַתָּ֥ה דֹבֵ֖ר אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ס # verse = JER.40.16 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:16!1|MId=o240400160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JER_40:16!1|MId=o240400160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240400160021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 גְּדַלְיָ֤הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=JER_40:16!2|MId=o240400160021|Strong=1436a 4 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:16!3|MId=o240400160031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 אֲחִיקָם֙ אֲחִיקָם PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahikam|Ref=JER_40:16!4|MId=o240400160041|Strong=0296 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:16!5|MId=o240400160051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 יוֹחָנָ֣ן יוֹחָנָן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Johanan|Ref=JER_40:16!6|MId=o240400160061|Strong=3110 8 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:16!7|MId=o240400160071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 9 קָרֵ֔חַ קָרֵחַ PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kareah|Ref=JER_40:16!8|MId=o240400160081|Strong=7143 10 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JER_40:16!9|MId=o240400160091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=do|Ref=JER_40:16!11|MId=o240400160111|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240400160061;A1:240400160132;|Type=jussive 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_40:16!12|MId=o240400160121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַדָּבָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:16!13|MId=o240400160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 דָּבָ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=JER_40:16!13|MId=o240400160132|Strong=1697 15-16 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_40:16!14|MId=o240400160141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_40:16!14|MId=o240400160142|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 17 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_40:16!15|MId=o240400160151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 18 שֶׁ֛קֶר שֶׁקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=falsehood|Ref=JER_40:16!16|MId=o240400160161|Strong=8267 19 אַתָּ֥ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_40:16!17|MId=o240400160171|Strong=0859|Type=personal 20 דֹבֵ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 advcl _ Gloss=[are].speaking|Ref=JER_40:16!18|MId=o240400160181|Strong=1696|Frame=A1:240400160161;A0:240400160171;|Type=participle_active 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=JER_40:16!19|MId=o240400160191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22 יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל יִשְׁמָעֵאל PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Ishmael|Ref=JER_40:16!20|MId=o240400160201|Strong=3458|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JER_40:16!20|SpaceAfter=No 24 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JER_40:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | גְּדַלְיָהוּ *Gedaliah* | | | | | **not** תַּעֲשֵׂה *do* | jussive · qal | יוֹחָנָן *Johanan* | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | דֹבֵר *\[are\] speaking* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | שֶׁקֶר *falsehood* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר גְדַלְיָהוּ בַּר אֲחִיקָם לְיוֹחָנָן בַּר קָרֵחַ לָא תַעֲבֵּיד יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין אֲרֵי שִׁקְרָא אַתְּ מְמַלֵל עַל יִשְׁמָעֵאל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1109/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1009`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 41:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.41.1/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/)