--- title: Jeremiah 40:7 — Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, eve… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried aw --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/) / 40:7 # Jeremiah 40:7 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** forces, captains, king · **What happens:** be, hear, make, commit, not carry away · **To what, where:** fields, Gedaliah, land, men, Babylon · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 40:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — forces, captains, king — and what happens in the verse to fields, Gedaliah, land, men, Babylon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה הֵ֚מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֧יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכִ֣י ׀ הִפְקִ֣יד אִתּ֗וֹ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ וָטָ֔ף וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָגְל֖וּ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ [Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried away captive to Babylon;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1100/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1000 # text = וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה הֵ֚מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֧יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכִ֣י ׀ הִפְקִ֣יד אִתּ֗וֹ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ וָטָ֔ף וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָגְל֖וּ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ # verse = JER.40.7 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:7!1|MId=o240400070011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=JER_40:7!1|MId=o240400070012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:240400070031;240400070082;A1:240400070101;240400070191;240400070243;240400070281;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_40:7!2|MId=o240400070021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=JER_40:7!3|MId=o240400070031|Strong=8269 5-6 הַחֲיָלִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_40:7!4|MId=o240400070041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 חֲיָלִ֜ים חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.armies|Ref=JER_40:7!4|MId=o240400070042|Strong=2428 7 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_40:7!5|MId=o240400070051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8-10 בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=JER_40:7!6|MId=o240400070061|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=JER_40:7!6|MId=o240400070061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 שָּׂדֶ֗ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=country|Ref=JER_40:7!6|MId=o240400070062|Strong=7704 11 הֵ֚מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_40:7!7|MId=o240400070071|Strong=1992|Type=personal 12-14 וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:7!8|MId=o240400070081|Strong=2050b 13 אַנְשֵׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_40:7!8|MId=o240400070082|Strong=0376 14 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_40:7!8|MId=o240400070083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JER_40:7!9|MId=o240400070091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 הִפְקִ֧יד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.appointed|Ref=JER_40:7!10|MId=o240400070101|Strong=6485|Frame=AA:240400070111;A0:240400070141;|Type=qatal 17 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_40:7!11|MId=o240400070111|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 18 בָּבֶ֛ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_40:7!12|MId=o240400070121|Strong=0894 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_40:7!13|MId=o240400070131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 16 obj _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=JER_40:7!14|MId=o240400070141|Strong=1436a 21 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:7!15|MId=o240400070151|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 22 אֲחִיקָ֖ם אֲחִיקָם PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahikam|Ref=JER_40:7!16|MId=o240400070161|Strong=0296 23-25 בָּאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JER_40:7!17|MId=o240400070171|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:7!17|MId=o240400070171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_40:7!17|MId=o240400070172|Strong=0776 26-27 וְכִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and.(dm)|Ref=JER_40:7!18|MId=o240400070181|Strong=2050b 27 כִ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JER_40:7!18|MId=o240400070182|Strong=3588 28 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_40:7!18 29 הִפְקִ֣יד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=he.had.appointed|Ref=JER_40:7!19|MId=o240400070191|Strong=6485|Frame=AA:240400070111;A0:240400070211;240400070222;240400070232;|Type=qatal 30-31 אִתּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_40:7!20|MId=o240400070201|Strong=0854 31 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JER_40:7!20|MId=o240400070202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32 אֲנָשִׁ֤ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_40:7!21|MId=o240400070211|Strong=0376 33-34 וְנָשִׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:7!22|MId=o240400070221|Strong=2050b 34 נָשִׁים֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 conj _ Gloss=women|Ref=JER_40:7!22|MId=o240400070222|Strong=0802 35-36 וָטָ֔ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:7!23|MId=o240400070231|Strong=2050b 36 טָ֔ף טַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=little.one[s]|Ref=JER_40:7!23|MId=o240400070232|Strong=2945 37-39 וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:7!24|MId=o240400070241|Strong=2050b 38 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=some|Ref=JER_40:7!24|MId=o240400070242|Strong=4480 39 דַּלַּ֣ת דַּלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=of.the.poor.people|Ref=JER_40:7!24|MId=o240400070243|Strong=1803a 40-41 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_40:7!25|MId=o240400070251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JER_40:7!25|MId=o240400070252|Strong=0776 42-43 מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 39 nmod _ Gloss=from.[those]|Ref=JER_40:7!26|MId=o240400070261|Strong=4480 43 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 45 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JER_40:7!26|MId=o240400070262|Strong=0834|Type=relative 44 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 45 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_40:7!27|MId=o240400070271|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 45 הָגְל֖וּ גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 42 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.been.taken.into.exile|Ref=JER_40:7!28|MId=o240400070281|Strong=1540|Frame=A1:240400070243;|Type=qatal 46-47 בָּבֶֽלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 בָּבֶֽל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 45 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:7!29|MId=o240400070291|Strong=0894 47 ָה ה X _ _ 46 nmod _ Gloss=Babylon|Ref=JER_40:7!29|MId=o240400070292|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=JER_40:7!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* + אַנְשֵׁי *men* | הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* + הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* + דַּלַּת *of the poor people* + הָגְלוּ *they had been taken into exile* | | | | הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* | qatal · hiphil | גְּדַלְיָהוּ *Gedaliah* | | | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *the king* | | הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* | qatal · hiphil | אֲנָשִׁים *men* + נָשִׁים *women* + טָף *little one\[s\]* | | | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *the king* | | **not** הָגְלוּ *they had been taken into exile* | qatal · hophal | | דַּלַּת *of the poor people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמָעוּ כָּל רַבָּנֵי חֵילְוָתָא דִי בְּחַקְלָא אִינוּן וְגַבְרֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי מַנִי מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל יַת גְדַלְיָה בַר אֲחִיקָם בְּאַרְעָא וַאֲרֵי מַנֵי עִמֵיהּ גַבְרַיָא וּנְשַׁיָא וְטַפְלָא וּמֵחֲשִׁיכֵי עַמָא דְאַרְעָא מִדְלָא אִתְגְלִיאוּ לְבָּבֶל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried away captive to Babylon;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1100/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1000`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.6/) - next →: [Jeremiah 40:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.8/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/)