--- title: Jeremiah 40:9 — And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you. Who acts: Gedaliah, land. Jeremiah 40:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/) / 40:9 # Jeremiah 40:9 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Gedaliah, land · **What happens:** swear, say, not fear, serve, dwell, be · **To what, where:** Chaldeans, land, king · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 40:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gedaliah, land — and what happens in the verse to Chaldeans, land, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע לָהֶ֜ם גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֤ם בֶּן־שָׁפָן֙ וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מֵעֲב֣וֹד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים שְׁב֣וּ בָאָ֗רֶץ וְעִבְד֛וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְיִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃ [And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1102/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1002 # text = וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע לָהֶ֜ם גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֤ם בֶּן־שָׁפָן֙ וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מֵעֲב֣וֹד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים שְׁב֣וּ בָאָ֗רֶץ וְעִבְד֛וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְיִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃ # verse = JER.40.9 1-2 וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:9!1|MId=o240400090011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.swore.an.oath|Ref=JER_40:9!1|MId=o240400090012|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:240400090031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:9!2|MId=o240400090021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_40:9!2|MId=o240400090022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=JER_40:9!3|MId=o240400090031|Strong=1436a 6 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:9!4|MId=o240400090041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֲחִיקָ֤ם אֲחִיקָם PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahikam|Ref=JER_40:9!5|MId=o240400090051|Strong=0296 8 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JER_40:9!6|MId=o240400090061|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 9 שָׁפָן֙ שָׁפָן PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shaphan|Ref=JER_40:9!7|MId=o240400090071|Strong=8227a 10-13 וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:9!8|MId=o240400090081|Strong=2050b 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_40:9!8|MId=o240400090082|Strong=3807a 12 אַנְשֵׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_40:9!8|MId=o240400090083|Strong=0376 13 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_40:9!8|MId=o240400090084|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_40:9!9|MId=o240400090091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_40:9!9|MId=o240400090092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240400090031;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JER_40:9!10|MId=o240400090101|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 תִּֽירְא֖וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=JER_40:9!11|MId=o240400090111|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:240400080052;240400080082;240400080092;240400080122;240400080152;240400080192;240400090083;|Type=jussive 18-19 מֵעֲב֣וֹד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_40:9!12|MId=o240400090121|Strong=4480 19 עֲב֣וֹד עָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 advcl _ Gloss=serving|Ref=JER_40:9!12|MId=o240400090122|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:240400080052;240400080082;240400080092;240400080122;240400080152;240400080192;240400090083;A1:240400090132;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:9!13|MId=o240400090131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כַּשְׂדִּים PROPN _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=Chaldeans|Ref=JER_40:9!13|MId=o240400090132|Strong=3778 22 שְׁב֣וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 17 parataxis _ Gloss=dwell|Ref=JER_40:9!14|MId=o240400090141|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:240400080052;240400080082;240400080092;240400080122;240400080152;240400080192;240400090083;|Type=imperative 23-25 בָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_40:9!15|MId=o240400090151|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_40:9!15|MId=o240400090151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_40:9!15|MId=o240400090152|Strong=0776 26-27 וְעִבְד֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_40:9!16|MId=o240400090161|Strong=2050b 27 עִבְד֛וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 conj _ Gloss=serve|Ref=JER_40:9!16|MId=o240400090162|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:240400080052;240400080082;240400080092;240400080122;240400080152;240400080192;240400090083;A1:240400090181;|Type=imperative 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_40:9!17|MId=o240400090171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29 מֶ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_40:9!18|MId=o240400090181|Strong=4428 30 בָּבֶ֖ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_40:9!19|MId=o240400090191|Strong=0894 31-32 וְיִיטַ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=JER_40:9!20|MId=o240400090201|Strong=2050b 32 יִיטַ֥ב יָטַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 conj _ Gloss=that.it.may.go.well|Ref=JER_40:9!20|MId=o240400090202|Strong=3190|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 33-34 לָכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ל לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_40:9!21|MId=o240400090211|Strong=3807a 34 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_40:9!21|MId=o240400090212|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JER_40:9!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשָּׁבַע *he swore an oath* | wayyiqtol · niphal | גְּדַלְיָהוּ *Gedaliah* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | גְּדַלְיָהוּ *Gedaliah* | | | | | **not** תִּֽירְאוּ *be afraid* | jussive · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | | | | | עֲבוֹד *serving* | infinitive construct · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | כַּשְׂדִּים *Chaldeans* | | | | שְׁבוּ *dwell* | imperative · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | | | | | עִבְדוּ *serve* | imperative · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | יִיטַב *that it may go well* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקַיֵם לְהוֹן גְדַלְיָה בַּר אֲחִיקָם בַּר שָׁפָן וּלְגַבְרֵיהוֹן לְמֵימָר לָא תִדַחֲלוּן מִלְמִפְלַח לְכַסְדָאֵי תְּבוּ בְאַרְעָא וּפְלַחוּ יַת מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל וְיִיטַב לְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1102/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1002`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.8/) - next →: [Jeremiah 40:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.10/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/40/)