--- title: Jeremiah 44:12 — And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to g… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed; in the land of Egypt shall they fall; they shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine; they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sw --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/) / 44:12 # Jeremiah 44:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, remnant, hosts, sword · **What happens:** take, set, go, sojourn, consume, fall · **To what, where:** remnant, faces, land, hosts, least, execration This is Jeremiah 44:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, remnant, hosts, sword — and what happens in the verse to remnant, faces, land, hosts, least, execration, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלָקַחְתִּ֞י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨מוּ פְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֣וֹא אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ לָג֣וּר שָׁם֒ וְתַ֨מּוּ כֹ֜ל בְּאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם יִפֹּ֗לוּ בַּחֶ֤רֶב בָּֽרָעָב֙ יִתַּ֔מּוּ מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל בַּחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיוּ֙ לְאָלָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ [And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed; in the land of Egypt shall they fall; they shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine; they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine; and they shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1174/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1074 # text = וְלָקַחְתִּ֞י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨מוּ פְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֣וֹא אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ לָג֣וּר שָׁם֒ וְתַ֨מּוּ כֹ֜ל בְּאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם יִפֹּ֗לוּ בַּחֶ֤רֶב בָּֽרָעָב֙ יִתַּ֔מּוּ מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל בַּחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיוּ֙ לְאָלָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ # verse = JER.44.12 1-2 וְלָקַחְתִּ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:12!1|MId=o240440120011|Strong=2050b 2 לָקַחְתִּ֞י לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.take.away|Ref=JER_44:12!1|MId=o240440120012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:240440110041;A1:240440120031;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_44:12!2|MId=o240440120021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 שְׁאֵרִ֣ית שְׁאֵרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.remnant|Ref=JER_44:12!3|MId=o240440120031|Strong=7611 5 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_44:12!4|MId=o240440120041|Strong=3063 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JER_44:12!5|MId=o240440120051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7 שָׂ֨מוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.set|Ref=JER_44:12!6|MId=o240440120061|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:240440120031;A1:240440120071;|Type=qatal 8-9 פְנֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=JER_44:12!7|MId=o240440120071|Strong=6440 9 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_44:12!7|MId=o240440120072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לָב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:12!8|MId=o240440120081|Strong=3807a 11 ב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JER_44:12!8|MId=o240440120082|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JER_44:12!9|MId=o240440120091|Strong=0776|SpaceAfter=No 13 מִצְרַיִם֮ מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=JER_44:12!10|MId=o240440120101|Strong=4714 14-15 לָג֣וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:12!11|MId=o240440120111|Strong=3807a 15 ג֣וּר גּוּר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=sojourn|Ref=JER_44:12!11|MId=o240440120112|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 שָׁם֒ שָׁם ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JER_44:12!12|MId=o240440120121|Strong=8033 17-18 וְתַ֨מּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:12!13|MId=o240440120131|Strong=2050b 18 תַ֨מּוּ תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.meet.their.end|Ref=JER_44:12!13|MId=o240440120132|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:240440120141;|Type=weqatal 19 כֹ֜ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_44:12!14|MId=o240440120141|Strong=3605 20-21 בְּאֶ֧רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_44:12!15|MId=o240440120151|Strong=0871a 21 אֶ֧רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JER_44:12!15|MId=o240440120152|Strong=0776 22 מִצְרַ֣יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=JER_44:12!16|MId=o240440120161|Strong=4714 23 יִפֹּ֗לוּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.fall|Ref=JER_44:12!17|MId=o240440120171|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=yiqtol 24-26 בַּחֶ֤רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_44:12!18|MId=o240440120181|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_44:12!18|MId=o240440120181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 חֶ֤רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_44:12!18|MId=o240440120182|Strong=2719 27-29 בָּֽרָעָב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_44:12!19|MId=o240440120191|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_44:12!19|MId=o240440120191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 רָעָב֙ רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=JER_44:12!19|MId=o240440120192|Strong=7458 30 יִתַּ֔מּוּ תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.meet.their.end|Ref=JER_44:12!20|MId=o240440120201|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 מִקָּטֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_44:12!21|MId=o240440120211|Strong=4480 32 קָּטֹן֙ קָטֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=small|Ref=JER_44:12!21|MId=o240440120212|Strong=6996a|Type=adjective 33-34 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:12!22|MId=o240440120221|Strong=2050b 34 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=JER_44:12!22|MId=o240440120222|Strong=5704 35 גָּד֔וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=[the].great|Ref=JER_44:12!23|MId=o240440120231|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 36-38 בַּחֶ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_44:12!24|MId=o240440120241|Strong=0871a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_44:12!24|MId=o240440120241ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 חֶ֥רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_44:12!24|MId=o240440120242|Strong=2719 39-42 וּבָרָעָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:12!25|MId=o240440120251|Strong=2050b 40 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_44:12!25|MId=o240440120252|Strong=0871a 41 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_44:12!25|MId=o240440120252ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 רָעָ֖ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 conj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=JER_44:12!25|MId=o240440120253|Strong=7458 43 יָמֻ֑תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.die|Ref=JER_44:12!26|MId=o240440120261|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=yiqtol 44-45 וְהָיוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:12!27|MId=o240440120271|Strong=2050b 45 הָיוּ֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 47 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=JER_44:12!27|MId=o240440120272|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240440120031;|Type=weqatal 46-47 לְאָלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=(into).an|Ref=JER_44:12!28|MId=o240440120281|Strong=3807a 47 אָלָ֣ה אָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=curse|Ref=JER_44:12!28|MId=o240440120282|Strong=0423 48-49 לְשַׁמָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=JER_44:12!29|MId=o240440120291|Strong=3807a 49 שַׁמָּ֔ה שַׁמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 conj _ Gloss=horror|Ref=JER_44:12!29|MId=o240440120292|Strong=8047 50-52 וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 52 cc _ Gloss=and.(into)|Ref=JER_44:12!30|MId=o240440120301|Strong=2050b 51 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 52 case _ Gloss=a|Ref=JER_44:12!30|MId=o240440120302|Strong=3807a 52 קְלָלָ֖ה קְלָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 conj _ Gloss=curse|Ref=JER_44:12!30|MId=o240440120303|Strong=7045 53-55 וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 55 cc _ Gloss=and.(into)|Ref=JER_44:12!31|MId=o240440120311|Strong=2050b 54 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=a|Ref=JER_44:12!31|MId=o240440120312|Strong=3807a 55 חֶרְפָּֽה חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 conj _ Gloss=reproach|Ref=JER_44:12!31|MId=o240440120313|Strong=2781 56 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 55 punct _ Ref=JER_44:12!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לָקַחְתִּי *I will take away* | weqatal · qal | | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | שָׂמוּ *they set* | qatal · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | פְנֵי *faces* | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | | גוּר *sojourn* | infinitive construct · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | | תַמּוּ *they will meet their end* | weqatal · qal | כֹל *everyone* | | | | | יִפֹּלוּ *they will fall* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | | יִתַּמּוּ *they will meet their end* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | | יָמֻתוּ *they will die* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | | הָיוּ *they will become* | weqatal · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶסַב יַת שְׁאָרָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה דְשַׁוִיאוּ אַפֵּיהוֹן לְמֵיעַל לְאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם לְאִתּוֹתָבָא תַמָן וִיסוּפוּן כּוּלְהוֹן בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם יִתְרְמוּן בְּחַרְבָּא וּבְכַפְנָא יְסוּפוּן מִזְעֵירָא וְעַד רַבָּא בְּחַרְבָּא וּבְכַפְנָא יְמוּתוּן וִיהוֹן לְמוֹמֵי וּלְצָדוּ וְלִלְוָטָא וּלְחִסוּדִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed; in the land of Egypt shall they fall; they shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine; they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine; and they shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1174/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1074`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 44:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.11/) - next →: [Jeremiah 44:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.13/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/)