--- title: Jeremiah 44:19 — And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?' Who acts: thing, we, word. Jeremiah 44:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/) / 44:19 # Jeremiah 44:19 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** thing, we, word · **What happens:** be, offer, pour out, make, image · **To what, where:** we, queen, drink offerings, cakes, image This is Jeremiah 44:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thing, we, word — and what happens in the verse to we, queen, drink offerings, cakes, image, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכִֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מְקַטְּרִים֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ עָשִׂ֨ינוּ לָ֤הּ כַּוָּנִים֙ לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔ה וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִֽים׃פ [And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1181/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1081 # text = וְכִֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מְקַטְּרִים֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ עָשִׂ֨ינוּ לָ֤הּ כַּוָּנִים֙ לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔ה וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִֽים׃פ # verse = JER.44.19 1-2 וְכִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:19!1|MId=o240440190011|Strong=2050b 2 כִֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_44:19!1|MId=o240440190012|Strong=3588 3 אֲנַ֤חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JER_44:19!2|MId=o240440190021|Strong=0587|Type=personal 4 מְקַטְּרִים֙ קָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].making.smoke|Ref=JER_44:19!3|MId=o240440190031|Strong=6999|Frame=A0:240440190021;|Type=participle_active 5-6 לִמְלֶ֣כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:19!4|MId=o240440190041|Strong=3807a 6 מְלֶ֣כֶת מְלֶכֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=the.queen|Ref=JER_44:19!4|MId=o240440190042|Strong=4446 7-8 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_44:19!5|MId=o240440190051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=JER_44:19!5|MId=o240440190052|Strong=8064 9-11 וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:19!6|MId=o240440190061|Strong=2050b 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:19!6|MId=o240440190062|Strong=3807a 11 הַסֵּ֥ךְ נָסַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 4 conj _ Gloss=pour.out|Ref=JER_44:19!6|MId=o240440190063|Strong=5258|Frame=AA:240440150091;A0:240440190081;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 לָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:19!7|MId=o240440190071|Strong=3807a 13 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_44:19!7|MId=o240440190072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14 נְסָכִ֑ים נֶסֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=drink.offerings|Ref=JER_44:19!8|MId=o240440190081|Strong=5262 15-17 הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JER_44:19!9|MId=o240440190091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 16 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=JER_44:19!9|MId=o240440190092|Strong=4480 17 בַּלְעֲדֵ֣י בִּלְעֲדֵי ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=without|Ref=JER_44:19!9|MId=o240440190093|Strong=1107 18-19 אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֲנָשֵׁ֗י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=husbands|Ref=JER_44:19!10|MId=o240440190101|Strong=0376 19 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_44:19!10|MId=o240440190102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=did.we.make|Ref=JER_44:19!11|MId=o240440190111|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240440150091;A1:240440190131;|Type=qatal 21-22 לָ֤הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_44:19!12|MId=o240440190121|Strong=3807a 22 ָ֤הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_44:19!12|MId=o240440190122|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 כַּוָּנִים֙ כַּוָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=cakes|Ref=JER_44:19!13|MId=o240440190131|Strong=3561 24-26 לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:19!14|MId=o240440190141|Strong=3807a 25 הַ֣עֲצִב עָצַב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 20 advcl _ Gloss=form|Ref=JER_44:19!14|MId=o240440190142|Strong=6087|Frame=AA:240440150091;A0:240440190143;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 ָ֔ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_44:19!14|MId=o240440190143|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:19!15|MId=o240440190151|Strong=2050b 28 הַסֵּ֥ךְ נָסַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 20 conj _ Gloss=to.pour.out|Ref=JER_44:19!15|MId=o240440190152|Strong=5258|Frame=AA:240440150091;A0:240440190171;|Type=infinitive_absolute 29-30 לָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ל לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:19!16|MId=o240440190161|Strong=3807a 30 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_44:19!16|MId=o240440190162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31 נְסָכִֽים נֶסֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=drink.offerings|Ref=JER_44:19!17|MId=o240440190171|Strong=5262|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JER_44:19!17|SpaceAfter=No 33 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JER_44:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְקַטְּרִים *\[were\] making smoke* | participle active · piel | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | | הַסֵּךְ *pour out* | infinitive construct · hiphil | נְסָכִים *drink offerings* | | | | | עָשִׂינוּ *did we make* | qatal · qal | | כַּוָּנִים *cakes* | | | | הַעֲצִב *form* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָה *her* | | | | | הַסֵּךְ *to pour out* | infinitive absolute · hiphil | נְסָכִֽים *drink offerings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵי אֲנַחְנָא מַסְקָן בּוּסְמִין לְכוֹכְבַת שְׁמַיָא וּמְנַסְכִן לָהּ נִסְכִּין הֲבַר מִגַבְרָנָא עֲבַדְנָא לָהּ כַּרְדוּטִין לְטַעֲוָתָא וּמְנַסְכָן לָהּ נִסְכִּין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1181/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1081`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 44:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.18/) - next →: [Jeremiah 44:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.20/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/)