--- title: Jeremiah 44:3 — because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke Me,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke Me, in that they went to offer, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, nor ye, nor your fathers. Who acts: cities. Jeremiah 44:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/) / 44:3 # Jeremiah 44:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** cities · **What happens:** commit, provoke, go, offer, serve, not know · **To what, where:** wickedness, Me, other gods This is Jeremiah 44:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — cities — and what happens in the verse to wickedness, Me, other gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִפְּנֵ֣י רָעָתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי לָלֶ֣כֶת לְקַטֵּ֔ר לַעֲבֹ֖ד לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּם הֵ֖מָּה אַתֶּ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ [because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke Me, in that they went to offer, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, nor ye, nor your fathers.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1165/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1065 # text = מִפְּנֵ֣י רָעָתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי לָלֶ֣כֶת לְקַטֵּ֔ר לַעֲבֹ֖ד לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּם הֵ֖מָּה אַתֶּ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = JER.44.3 1-2 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_44:3!1|MId=o240440030011|Strong=4480 2 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_44:3!1|MId=o240440030012|Strong=6440 3-4 רָעָתָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 רָעָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=wickedness|Ref=JER_44:3!2|MId=o240440030021|Strong=7451b 4 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_44:3!2|MId=o240440030022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_44:3!3|MId=o240440030031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 עָשׂוּ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.did|Ref=JER_44:3!4|MId=o240440030041|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240440020151;240440020181;A1:240440030021;|Type=qatal 7-9 לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:3!5|MId=o240440030051|Strong=3807a 8 הַכְעִס כָּעַס VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 6 advcl _ Gloss=provoke|Ref=JER_44:3!5|MId=o240440030052|Strong=3707|Frame=AA:240440020151;240440020181;A0:240440030053;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ֵ֔נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=me.to.anger|Ref=JER_44:3!5|MId=o240440030053|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לָלֶ֣כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_44:3!6|MId=o240440030061|Strong=3807a 11 לֶ֣כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 advcl _ Gloss=going|Ref=JER_44:3!6|MId=o240440030062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240440020151;240440020181;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 לְקַטֵּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:3!7|MId=o240440030071|Strong=3807a 13 קַטֵּ֔ר קָטַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 11 advcl _ Gloss=make.smoke|Ref=JER_44:3!7|MId=o240440030072|Strong=6999|Frame=A0:240440020151;240440020181;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 לַעֲבֹ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:3!8|MId=o240440030081|Strong=3807a 15 עֲבֹ֖ד עָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 conj _ Gloss=serve|Ref=JER_44:3!8|MId=o240440030082|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:240440020151;240440020181;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-17 לֵאלֹהִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לֵ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JER_44:3!9|MId=o240440030091|Strong=3807a 17 אלֹהִ֣ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JER_44:3!9|MId=o240440030092|Strong=0430 18 אֲחֵרִ֑ים אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 amod _ Gloss=other|Ref=JER_44:3!10|MId=o240440030101|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 19 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_44:3!11|MId=o240440030111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_44:3!12|MId=o240440030121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21-22 יְדָע֔וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 יְדָע֔וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_44:3!13|MId=o240440030131|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:240440030132;A0:240440030141;240440030151;240440030162;|Type=qatal 22 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=had.known.them|Ref=JER_44:3!13|MId=o240440030132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 הֵ֖מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_44:3!14|MId=o240440030141|Strong=1992|Type=personal 24 אַתֶּ֥ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_44:3!15|MId=o240440030151|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 25-27 וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:3!16|MId=o240440030161|Strong=2050b 26 אֲבֹתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=JER_44:3!16|MId=o240440030162|Strong=0001 27 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_44:3!16|MId=o240440030163|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_44:3!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשׂוּ *they did* | qatal · qal | | רָעָת *wickedness* | | | | הַכְעִס *provoke* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ֵנִי *me to anger* | | | | | לֶכֶת *going* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | קַטֵּר *make smoke* | infinitive construct · piel | | | | | | עֲבֹד *serve* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | **not** יְדָעוּ *they* | qatal · qal | הֵמָּה *they* + אַתֶּם *you* + אֲבֹתֵי *ancestors* | ם *had known them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִן קֳדָם בִּישַׁתְהוֹן דַעֲבָדוּ לְאַרְגָזָא קֳדָמַי לִמְהַךְ לְאַסְקָא בּוּסְמִין לְמִפְלַח לְטַעֲוַת פַּלְחֵי כּוֹכְבַיָא דְלָא יֵדְעוּנוּן אַתּוּן וַאֲבָהָתְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke Me, in that they went to offer, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, nor ye, nor your fathers.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1165/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1065`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 44:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.2/) - next →: [Jeremiah 44:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.4/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/)