--- title: Jeremiah 44:4 — Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate. Who acts: I. Jeremiah 44:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/) / 44:4 # Jeremiah 44:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** send, say, not do, hate · **To what, where:** servants, abominable thing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 44:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to servants, abominable thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃ [Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1166/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1066 # text = וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃ # verse = JER.44.4 1-2 וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:4!1|MId=o240440040011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.sent|Ref=JER_44:4!1|MId=o240440040012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240440020031;A1:240440040051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_44:4!2|MId=o240440040021|Strong=0413 4 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_44:4!2|MId=o240440040022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_44:4!3|MId=o240440040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_44:4!4|MId=o240440040041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 עֲבָדַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 עֲבָד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=JER_44:4!5|MId=o240440040051|Strong=5650 8 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_44:4!5|MId=o240440040052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9-10 הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_44:4!6|MId=o240440040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 נְּבִיאִ֔ים נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 appos _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=JER_44:4!6|MId=o240440040062|Strong=5030 11 הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים שָׁכַם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advmod _ Gloss=rising.early|Ref=JER_44:4!7|MId=o240440040071|Strong=7925|Type=infinitive_absolute 12-13 וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_44:4!8|MId=o240440040081|Strong=2050b 13 שָׁלֹ֖חַ שָׁלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 conj _ Gloss=sending|Ref=JER_44:4!8|MId=o240440040082|Strong=7971|Type=infinitive_absolute 14-15 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 18 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_44:4!9|MId=o240440040091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_44:4!9|MId=o240440040092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240440040051;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JER_44:4!10|MId=o240440040101|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 נָ֣א נָא INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JER_44:4!11|MId=o240440040111|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 18 תַעֲשׂ֗וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=JER_44:4!12|MId=o240440040121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240440010082;A1:240440040141;|Type=jussive 19 אֵ֛ת אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_44:4!13|MId=o240440040131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 דְּבַֽר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=the.thing|Ref=JER_44:4!14|MId=o240440040141|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_44:4!15|MId=o240440040151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 תֹּעֵבָ֥ה תּוֹעֵבַה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=abomination|Ref=JER_44:4!15|MId=o240440040152|Strong=8441 23-24 הַזֹּ֖את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_44:4!16|MId=o240440040161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 זֹּ֖את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_44:4!16|MId=o240440040162|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 25 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_44:4!17|MId=o240440040171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 שָׂנֵֽאתִי שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.hate|Ref=JER_44:4!18|MId=o240440040181|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:240440020031;A1:240440040141;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_44:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁלַח *I sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עֲבָד *servants* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָד *servants* | | | | | **not** תַעֲשׂוּ *do* | jussive · qal | | דְּבַֽר־ *the thing* | | | | שָׂנֵֽאתִי *I hate* | qatal · qal | | דְּבַֽר־ *the thing* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלָחֵית לְוַתְכוֹן יַת כָּל עַבְדֵי נְבִיַיָא מַקְדֵים וּמִשְׁלַח לְמֵימָר לָא כְעַן תַּעְבְּדוּן יַת עֵסַק תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הָדָא דְרָחֵיקִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1166/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1066`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 44:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 44:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/)