--- title: Jeremiah 46:23 — They cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot be search… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot be searched; because they are more than the locusts, and are innumerable. Who acts: mercenaries, LORD. Jeremiah 46:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/) / 46:23 # Jeremiah 46:23 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** mercenaries, LORD · **What happens:** cut down, say, not search, be · **To what, where:** forest · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 46:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mercenaries, LORD — and what happens in the verse to forest, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כָּרְת֤וּ יַעְרָהּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֖י לֹ֣א יֵֽחָקֵ֑ר כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ מֵֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מִסְפָּֽר׃ [They cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot be searched; because they are more than the locusts, and are innumerable.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1221/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1120 # text = כָּרְת֤וּ יַעְרָהּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֖י לֹ֣א יֵֽחָקֵ֑ר כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ מֵֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מִסְפָּֽר׃ # verse = JER.46.23 1 כָּרְת֤וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.cut.down|Ref=JER_46:23!1|MId=o240460230011|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:240460200041;A1:240460230021;|Type=qatal 2-3 יַעְרָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 יַעְר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=forest|Ref=JER_46:23!2|MId=o240460230021|Strong=3293 3 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_46:23!2|MId=o240460230022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 4 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_46:23!3|MId=o240460230031|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_46:23!4|MId=o240460230041|Strong=3068 6 כִּ֖י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_46:23!5|MId=o240460230051|Strong=3588 7 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_46:23!6|MId=o240460230061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8 יֵֽחָקֵ֑ר חָקַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=it.will.be.searched|Ref=JER_46:23!7|MId=o240460230071|Strong=2713|Frame=A1:240460230021;|Type=yiqtol 9 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_46:23!8|MId=o240460230081|Strong=3588 10 רַבּוּ֙ רָבַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.be.many|Ref=JER_46:23!9|MId=o240460230091|Strong=7231|Frame=A0:240460200041;|Type=qatal 11-12 מֵֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=JER_46:23!10|MId=o240460230101|Strong=4480 12 אַרְבֶּ֔ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=than.locust[s]|Ref=JER_46:23!10|MId=o240460230102|Strong=0697 13-14 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:23!11|MId=o240460230111|Strong=2050b 14 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JER_46:23!11|MId=o240460230112|Strong=0369|Type=negative 15-16 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_46:23!12|MId=o240460230121|Strong=3807a 16 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_46:23!12|MId=o240460230122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 מִסְפָּֽר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=number|Ref=JER_46:23!13|MId=o240460230131|Strong=4557|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=JER_46:23!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** כָּרְתוּ *they will cut down* | qatal · qal | | יַעְר *forest* | | | | **not** יֵֽחָקֵר *it will be searched* | yiqtol · niphal | | יַעְר *forest* | | | | רַבּוּ *they will be many* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שֵׁיצוּ רַבְרְבָהָא אֲמַר יְיָ אֲרֵי לֵית לְהוֹן סוֹף אֲרֵי סָגִיאִין מִזַחֲלָא וְלֵית לְהוֹן מִנְיָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot be searched; because they are more than the locusts, and are innumerable.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1221/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1120`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 46:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.22/) - next →: [Jeremiah 46:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.24/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/)