--- title: Jeremiah 46:5 — Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their migh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD. Who acts: I, spears, terror, LORD. Jeremiah 46:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/) / 46:5 # Jeremiah 46:5 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, spears, terror, LORD · **What happens:** see, dismay, turn, beat down, flee, not look back · **To what, where:** spears, mighty ones, side · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 46:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, spears, terror, LORD — and what happens in the verse to spears, mighty ones, side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1202/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1102 # text = מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = JER.46.5 1 מַדּ֣וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JER_46:5!1|MId=o240460050011|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 2 רָאִ֗יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=have.I.seen|Ref=JER_46:5!2|MId=o240460050021|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240460010041;|Type=qatal 3 הֵ֣מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_46:5!3|MId=o240460050031|Strong=1992|Type=personal 4 חַתִּים֮ חַת ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[will.be].filled.with.terror|Ref=JER_46:5!4|MId=o240460050041|Strong=2844a|Type=adjective 5 נְסֹגִ֣ים סוּג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[they.will.be].turned.back|Ref=JER_46:5!5|MId=o240460050051|Strong=5472|Frame=A1:240460020031;|Type=participle_active 6 אָחוֹר֒ אָחוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=backwards|Ref=JER_46:5!6|MId=o240460050061|Strong=0268 7-9 וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:5!7|MId=o240460050071|Strong=2050b 8 גִבּוֹרֵי גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_46:5!7|MId=o240460050072|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 9 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=warriors|Ref=JER_46:5!7|MId=o240460050073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 יֻכַּ֔תּוּ כָּתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.crushed|Ref=JER_46:5!8|MId=o240460050081|Strong=3807|Frame=A1:240460050072;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 וּמָנ֥וֹס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:5!9|MId=o240460050091|Strong=2050b 12 מָנ֥וֹס מָנוֹס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=flight|Ref=JER_46:5!9|MId=o240460050092|Strong=4498 13 נָ֖סוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.flee|Ref=JER_46:5!10|MId=o240460050101|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:240460020031;|Type=qatal 14-15 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:5!11|MId=o240460050111|Strong=2050b 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_46:5!11|MId=o240460050112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 הִפְנ֑וּ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.turn.back|Ref=JER_46:5!12|MId=o240460050121|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:240460020031;|Type=qatal 17 מָג֥וֹר מָגוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=terror|Ref=JER_46:5!13|MId=o240460050131|Strong=4032 18-19 מִסָּבִ֖יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[will|Ref=JER_46:5!14|MId=o240460050141|Strong=4480 19 סָּבִ֖יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=be].from.round.about|Ref=JER_46:5!14|MId=o240460050142|Strong=5439 20 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_46:5!15|MId=o240460050151|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 21 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_46:5!16|MId=o240460050161|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_46:5!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *have I seen* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נְסֹגִים *\[they will be\] turned back* | participle active · niphal | | | | | | יֻכַּתּוּ *they will be crushed* | yiqtol · hophal | | גִבּוֹרֵי *their* | | | | נָסוּ *they will flee* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** הִפְנוּ *they will turn back* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַה דֵין חֲזֵיתִי אִינוּן תְבִירִין מִסְתַּחֲרִין לַאֲחוֹרָא וְגִבָּרֵיהוֹן תְּבִירִין וּמֶעֱרַק עַרְקִין וְלָא מִתְפְּנָן לְמֵיקָם מִן קֳדָם דְקַטְלִין בְּחַרְבָּא דְמִתְכַּנְשִׁין עֲלֵיכוֹן מִסְחוֹר סְחוֹר אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1202/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1102`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 46:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.4/) - next →: [Jeremiah 46:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.6/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/)