--- title: Jeremiah 46:8 — Egypt is like the Nile that riseth up, and like the rivers whose wat… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Egypt is like the Nile that riseth up, and like the rivers whose waters toss themselves; and he saith: 'I will rise up, I will cover the earth, I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof.' Who acts: Egypt, Nile, waters, I. Jeremiah 46:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/) / 46:8 # Jeremiah 46:8 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Egypt, Nile, waters, I · **What happens:** be, rise up, toss, say, cover, destroy · **To what, where:** waters, earth, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 46:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Egypt, Nile, waters, I — and what happens in the verse to waters, earth, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַֽעֲלֶה֙ אֲכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ אֹבִ֥ידָה עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ [Egypt is like the Nile that riseth up, and like the rivers whose waters toss themselves; and he saith: 'I will rise up, I will cover the earth, I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1205/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1105 # text = מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַֽעֲלֶה֙ אֲכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ אֹבִ֥ידָה עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ # verse = JER.46.8 1 מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JER_46:8!1|MId=o240460080011|Strong=4714 2-4 כַּיְאֹ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_46:8!2|MId=o240460080021|Strong=3509a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_46:8!2|MId=o240460080021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 יְאֹ֣ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=River|Ref=JER_46:8!2|MId=o240460080022|Strong=2975 5 יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.rises|Ref=JER_46:8!3|MId=o240460080031|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:240460080011;|Type=yiqtol 6-9 וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:8!4|MId=o240460080041|Strong=2050b 7 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_46:8!4|MId=o240460080042|Strong=3509a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_46:8!4|MId=o240460080042ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נְּהָר֖וֹת נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=JER_46:8!4|MId=o240460080043|Strong=5104 10 יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ גָּעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.surge|Ref=JER_46:8!5|MId=o240460080051|Strong=1607|Frame=A0:240460080061;|Type=yiqtol 11 מָ֑יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=JER_46:8!6|MId=o240460080061|Strong=4325 12-13 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_46:8!7|MId=o240460080071|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.has.said|Ref=JER_46:8!7|MId=o240460080072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240460080011;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אַֽעֲלֶה֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.rise|Ref=JER_46:8!8|MId=o240460080081|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:240460080011;|Type=yiqtol 15 אֲכַסֶּה־ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.cover|Ref=JER_46:8!9|MId=o240460080091|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:240460080011;A1:240460080101;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 16 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=JER_46:8!10|MId=o240460080101|Strong=0776 17 אֹבִ֥ידָה אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.destroy|Ref=JER_46:8!11|MId=o240460080111|Strong=0006|Frame=AA:240460080011;A0:240460080121;240460080132;|Type=cohortative 18 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=a.city|Ref=JER_46:8!12|MId=o240460080121|Strong=5892 19-20 וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JER_46:8!13|MId=o240460080131|Strong=2050b 20 יֹ֥שְׁבֵי יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=inhabitants|Ref=JER_46:8!13|MId=o240460080132|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 21-22 בָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_46:8!14|MId=o240460080141|Strong=0871a 22 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_46:8!14|MId=o240460080142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JER_46:8!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַֽעֲלֶה *it rises* | yiqtol · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | יִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ *they surge* | yiqtol · hithpolel | מָיִם *waters* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *it has said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | אַֽעֲלֶה *I will rise* | yiqtol · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | אֲכַסֶּה־ *I will cover* | yiqtol · piel | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | אֹבִידָה *I will destroy* | cohortative · hiphil | עִיר *a city* + יֹשְׁבֵי *inhabitants* | | | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם דִסְלֵיק בְּמַשִׁרְיָתֵיהּ כַּעֲנָנָא דְסָלֵיק חָפֵי יַת אַרְעָא כְּמַבּוּעֵי דְמַיִין דִמְטָרְפִין מוֹהִי וַאֲמַר אֱסַק אֲחַפֵּי אַרְעָא וּמְלוֹאָהּ אוֹבִיד קִרְוַיָא וּדְיַתְבִין בְּהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Egypt is like the Nile that riseth up, and like the rivers whose waters toss themselves; and he saith: 'I will rise up, I will cover the earth, I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1205/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1105`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 46:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.7/) - next →: [Jeremiah 46:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.9/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/46/)