--- title: Jeremiah 48:1 — Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe unto Nebo! for… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe unto Nebo! for it is spoiled; Kiriathaim is put to shame, it is taken; Misgab is put to shame and dismayed. Who acts: LORD. Jeremiah 48:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/48/) / 48:1 # Jeremiah 48:1 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** say, spoil, put, take, dismay · **To what, where:** it, Kiriathaim, Misgab · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 48:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD — and what happens in the verse to it, Kiriathaim, Misgab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃ [Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe unto Nebo! for it is spoiled; Kiriathaim is put to shame, it is taken; Misgab is put to shame and dismayed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1235/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1133 # text = לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃ # verse = JER.48.1 1-2 לְמוֹאָ֡ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_48:1!1|MId=o240480010011|Strong=3807a 2 מוֹאָ֡ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Moab|Ref=JER_48:1!1|MId=o240480010012|Strong=4124 3 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_48:1!2|MId=o240480010021|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 4 אָמַר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_48:1!3|MId=o240480010031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240480010041;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_48:1!4|MId=o240480010041|Strong=3068 6 צְבָא֜וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=JER_48:1!5|MId=o240480010051|Strong=6635 7 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JER_48:1!6|MId=o240480010061|Strong=0430 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JER_48:1!7|MId=o240480010071|Strong=3478 9 ה֤וֹי הוֹי INTJ _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=woe!|Ref=JER_48:1!8|MId=o240480010081|Strong=1945|Type=interjection 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_48:1!9|MId=o240480010091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11 נְבוֹ֙ נְבוֹ PROPN _ _ 4 ccomp _ Gloss=Nebo|Ref=JER_48:1!10|MId=o240480010101|Strong=5015b 12 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_48:1!11|MId=o240480010111|Strong=3588 13 שֻׁדָּ֔דָה שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 advcl _ Gloss=it.will.be.devastated|Ref=JER_48:1!12|MId=o240480010121|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:240480010101;|Type=qatal 14 הֹבִ֥ישָׁה יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.put.to.shame|Ref=JER_48:1!13|MId=o240480010131|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:240480010151;|Type=qatal 15 נִלְכְּדָ֖ה לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.captured|Ref=JER_48:1!14|MId=o240480010141|Strong=3920|Frame=A1:240480010151;|Type=qatal 16 קִרְיָתָ֑יִם קִרְיָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Kiriathaim|Ref=JER_48:1!15|MId=o240480010151|Strong=7156 17 הֹבִ֥ישָׁה יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.put.to.shame|Ref=JER_48:1!16|MId=o240480010161|Strong=0954|Frame=A0:240480010172;|Type=qatal 18-19 הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_48:1!17|MId=o240480010171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מִּשְׂגָּ֖ב מִשְׂגָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=stronghold|Ref=JER_48:1!17|MId=o240480010172|Strong=4869 20-21 וָחָֽתָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_48:1!18|MId=o240480010181|Strong=2050b 21 חָֽתָּה חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.shattered|Ref=JER_48:1!18|MId=o240480010182|Strong=2865|Frame=A0:240480010172;|Type=qatal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_48:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | שֻׁדָּדָה *it will be devastated* | qatal · pual | | נְבוֹ *Nebo* | | | | הֹבִישָׁה *it will be put to shame* | qatal · hiphil | קִרְיָתָיִם *Kiriathaim* | | | | | נִלְכְּדָה *it will be captured* | qatal · niphal | | קִרְיָתָיִם *Kiriathaim* | | | | הֹבִישָׁה *it will be put to shame* | qatal · hiphil | מִּשְׂגָּב *stronghold* | | | | | חָֽתָּה *it will be shattered* | qatal · qal | מִּשְׂגָּב *stronghold* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לְמוֹאָב כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַי עַל נְבוֹ אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזַת בְּהִיתַת אִתְכְּבִישַׁת קִרְיָתַיִם בְּהִיתוּ מִבֵּית רוֹחֲצָנְהוֹן וְאִתְּבָרוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe unto Nebo! for it is spoiled; Kiriathaim is put to shame, it is taken; Misgab is put to shame and dismayed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1235/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1133`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 47:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.47.7/) - next →: [Jeremiah 48:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.2/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/48/)