--- title: Jeremiah 49:24 — Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling hath seized on her; anguish and pangs have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail. Who acts: Damascus, trembling, anguish. Jeremiah 49:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/) / 49:24 # Jeremiah 49:24 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Damascus, trembling, anguish · **What happens:** be, turn, flee, seize, take, hold · **To what, where:** Damascus, hold This is Jeremiah 49:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Damascus, trembling, anguish — and what happens in the verse to Damascus, hold, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָפְתָ֥ה דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק הִפְנְתָ֥ה לָנ֖וּס וְרֶ֣טֶט ׀ הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה צָרָ֧ה וַחֲבָלִ֛ים אֲחָזַ֖תָּה כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ [Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling hath seized on her; anguish and pangs have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1314/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1203 # text = רָפְתָ֥ה דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק הִפְנְתָ֥ה לָנ֖וּס וְרֶ֣טֶט ׀ הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה צָרָ֧ה וַחֲבָלִ֛ים אֲחָזַ֖תָּה כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ # verse = JER.49.24 1 רָפְתָ֥ה רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.disheartened|Ref=JER_49:24!1|MId=o240490240011|Strong=7503|Frame=A0:240490240021;|Type=qatal 2 דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק דַּמֶּשֶׂק PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Damascus|Ref=JER_49:24!2|MId=o240490240021|Strong=1834 3 הִפְנְתָ֥ה פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.turn.back|Ref=JER_49:24!3|MId=o240490240031|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:240490240021;|Type=qatal 4-5 לָנ֖וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_49:24!4|MId=o240490240041|Strong=3807a 5 נ֖וּס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=JER_49:24!4|MId=o240490240042|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:240490240021;|Type=infinitive_construct 6-7 וְרֶ֣טֶט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:24!5|MId=o240490240051|Strong=2050b 7 רֶ֣טֶט רֶטֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=panic|Ref=JER_49:24!5|MId=o240490240052|Strong=7374 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=JER_49:24!5 9 הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.will.take.hold|Ref=JER_49:24!6|MId=o240490240061|Strong=2388|Frame=AA:240490240052;A0:240490240021;|Type=qatal 10 צָרָ֧ה צָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=distress|Ref=JER_49:24!7|MId=o240490240071|Strong=6869 11-12 וַחֲבָלִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:24!8|MId=o240490240081|Strong=2050b 12 חֲבָלִ֛ים חֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=labor-pains|Ref=JER_49:24!8|MId=o240490240082|Strong=2256c 13-14 אֲחָזַ֖תָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֲחָזַ֖תּ אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_49:24!9|MId=o240490240091|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:240490240071;240490240082;A1:240490240092;|Type=qatal 14 ָה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=will.seize.it|Ref=JER_49:24!9|MId=o240490240092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15-17 כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=like.(the)|Ref=JER_49:24!10|MId=o240490240101|Strong=3509a 16 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=[woman|Ref=JER_49:24!10|MId=o240490240101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 יּוֹלֵדָֽה יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 advcl _ Gloss=who].gives.birth|Ref=JER_49:24!10|MId=o240490240102|Strong=3205|Type=participle_active 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=JER_49:24!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָפְתָה *it will be disheartened* | qatal · qal | דַמֶּשֶׂק *Damascus* | | | | | הִפְנְתָה *it will turn back* | qatal · hiphil | דַמֶּשֶׂק *Damascus* | | | | | נוּס *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | דַמֶּשֶׂק *Damascus* | | | | | הֶחֱזִיקָה *it will take hold* | qatal · hiphil | דַמֶּשֶׂק *Damascus* | | | רֶטֶט *panic* | | אֲחָזַתּ *it* | qatal · qal | צָרָה *distress* + חֲבָלִים *labor-pains* | ָה *will seize it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִתְרַשְׁלוּ יַתְבֵי דַמֶשֶׂק אִתְפְּנִיאוּ לְמֵיעֲרָק וְשִׁפְלוּתָא אֵחַדְתִּינוּן עָקָא וְחֶבְלִין אַחְדוּנוּן הָא כְּחֶבְלִין לְיָלַדְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling hath seized on her; anguish and pangs have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1314/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1203`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 49:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.23/) - next →: [Jeremiah 49:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.25/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/)