--- title: Jeremiah 49:3 — Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together. Who acts: you, Malcam. Jeremiah 49:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/) / 49:3 # Jeremiah 49:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, Malcam · **What happens:** wail, undo, cry, gird, lament, run · **To what, where:** Ai, you, folds, captivity This is Jeremiah 49:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Malcam — and what happens in the verse to Ai, you, folds, captivity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃ [Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1291/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1182 # text = הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃ # verse = JER.49.3 1 הֵילִ֨ילִי יָלַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=wail|Ref=JER_49:3!1|MId=o240490030011|Strong=3213|Frame=A0:240490030021;|Type=imperative 2 חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן חֶשְׁבּוֹן PROPN _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Heshbon|Ref=JER_49:3!2|MId=o240490030021|Strong=2809 3 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_49:3!3|MId=o240490030031|Strong=3588 4 שֻׁדְּדָה־ שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.been.devastated|Ref=JER_49:3!4|MId=o240490030041|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:240490030051;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 5 עַ֗י עַי PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JER_49:3!5|MId=o240490030051|Strong=5857 6 צְעַקְנָה֮ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=cry.out|Ref=JER_49:3!6|MId=o240490030061|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:240490030071;|Type=imperative 7 בְּנ֣וֹת בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ Gloss=O.daughters|Ref=JER_49:3!7|MId=o240490030071|Strong=1323 8 רַבָּה֒ רַבָּה PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Rabbah|Ref=JER_49:3!8|MId=o240490030081|Strong=7237 9 חֲגֹ֣רְנָה חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=gird.yourselves|Ref=JER_49:3!9|MId=o240490030091|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:240490030071;A1:240490030101;|Type=imperative 10 שַׂקִּ֔ים שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth(s)|Ref=JER_49:3!10|MId=o240490030101|Strong=8242 11 סְפֹ֕דְנָה סָפַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=mourn|Ref=JER_49:3!11|MId=o240490030111|Strong=5594|Frame=A0:240490030071;|Type=imperative 12-13 וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:3!12|MId=o240490030121|Strong=2050b 13 הִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה שׁוּט VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=run.to.and.fro|Ref=JER_49:3!12|MId=o240490030122|Strong=7751|Frame=A0:240490030071;|Type=imperative 14-16 בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JER_49:3!13|MId=o240490030131|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_49:3!13|MId=o240490030131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּדֵר֑וֹת גְּדֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=walls|Ref=JER_49:3!13|MId=o240490030132|Strong=1448 17 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_49:3!14|MId=o240490030141|Strong=3588 18-19 מַלְכָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מַלְכּ מַלְכָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JER_49:3!15|MId=o240490030151|Strong=4445a 19 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_49:3!15|MId=o240490030152|Strong=4445a|Type=pronominal 20-22 בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_49:3!16|MId=o240490030161|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_49:3!16|MId=o240490030161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 גּוֹלָ֣ה גּוֹלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=exile|Ref=JER_49:3!16|MId=o240490030162|Strong=1473 23 יֵלֵ֔ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.go|Ref=JER_49:3!17|MId=o240490030171|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240490030151;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 כֹּהֲנָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כֹּהֲנָ֥י כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 parataxis _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JER_49:3!18|MId=o240490030181|Strong=3548 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_49:3!18|MId=o240490030182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-28 וְשָׂרָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:3!19|MId=o240490030191|Strong=2050b 27 שָׂרָ֖י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=JER_49:3!19|MId=o240490030192|Strong=8269 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_49:3!19|MId=o240490030193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 יַחְדָּֽיו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=JER_49:3!20|MId=o240490030201|Strong=3162a|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JER_49:3!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵילִילִי *wail* | imperative · hiphil | חֶשְׁבּוֹן *O Heshbon* | | | | | שֻׁדְּדָה־ *it has been devastated* | qatal · pual | | עַי *Ai* | | | | צְעַקְנָה *cry out* | imperative · qal | בְּנוֹת *O daughters* | | | | | חֲגֹרְנָה *gird yourselves* | imperative · qal | בְּנוֹת *O daughters* | שַׂקִּים *sackcloth(s)* | | | | סְפֹדְנָה *mourn* | imperative · qal | בְּנוֹת *O daughters* | | | | | הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה *run to and fro* | imperative · hithpolel | בְּנוֹת *O daughters* | | | | | יֵלֵךְ *he will go* | yiqtol · qal | מַלְכּ *king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אַיְלִילוּ יַתְבֵי חֶשְׁבּוֹן אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזַת עֵי צְוָוחוּ יַתְבֵי כַפְרָנֵי רַבָּא אֶסָרוּ סַקִין סְפוּדוּ וְאִתְהַמְמוּן בְּסִיָען אֲרֵי מַלְכְּהוֹן בְּגָלוּתָא יְהַךְ פַּלְחוֹהִי וְרַבְרְבוֹהִי כַּחֲדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1291/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1182`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 49:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.2/) - next →: [Jeremiah 49:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.4/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/)