--- title: Jeremiah 49:37 — And I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and befor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before them that seek their life; and I will bring evil upon them, even My fierce anger, saith the LORD; and I will send the sword after them, till I have consumed them; Who acts: I, Elam, LORD, My. Jeremiah 49:37 in Hebrew with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.37/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/) / 49:37 # Jeremiah 49:37 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, Elam, LORD, My · **What happens:** cause, dismay, seek, bring, say, send · **To what, where:** Elam, life, evil, sword, winds · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 49:37 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Elam, LORD, My — and what happens in the verse to Elam, life, evil, sword, winds, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י אֶת־עֵ֠ילָם לִפְנֵ֨י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֜ם וְלִפְנֵ֣י ׀ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֧ם ׀ רָעָ֛ה אֶת־חֲר֥וֹן אַפִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃ [And I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before them that seek their life; and I will bring evil upon them, even My fierce anger, saith the LORD; and I will send the sword after them, till I have consumed them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1328/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1216 # text = וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י אֶת־עֵ֠ילָם לִפְנֵ֨י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֜ם וְלִפְנֵ֣י ׀ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֧ם ׀ רָעָ֛ה אֶת־חֲר֥וֹן אַפִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃ # verse = JER.49.37 1-2 וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:37!1|MId=o240490370011|Strong=2050b 2 הַחְתַּתִּ֣י חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.shatter|Ref=JER_49:37!1|MId=o240490370012|Strong=2865|Frame=AA:240490350031;A0:240490370031;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_49:37!2|MId=o240490370021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 עֵ֠ילָם עֵילָם PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Elam|Ref=JER_49:37!3|MId=o240490370031|Strong=5867 5-6 לִפְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_49:37!4|MId=o240490370041|Strong=3807a 6 פְנֵ֨י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_49:37!4|MId=o240490370042|Strong=6440 7-8 אֹיְבֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=JER_49:37!5|MId=o240490370051|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 8 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_49:37!5|MId=o240490370052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-11 וְלִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:37!6|MId=o240490370061|Strong=2050b 10 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_49:37!6|MId=o240490370062|Strong=3807a 11 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_49:37!6|MId=o240490370063|Strong=6440 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=JER_49:37!6 13 מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those.who].seek|Ref=JER_49:37!7|MId=o240490370071|Strong=1245|Frame=A1:240490370081;|Type=participle_active 14-15 נַפְשָׁ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=life|Ref=JER_49:37!8|MId=o240490370081|Strong=5315 15 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=(of).their|Ref=JER_49:37!8|MId=o240490370082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:37!9|MId=o240490370091|Strong=2050b 17 הֵבֵאתִ֨י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.bring|Ref=JER_49:37!9|MId=o240490370092|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:240490350031;A0:240490370111;|Type=weqatal 18-19 עֲלֵיהֶ֧ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_49:37!10|MId=o240490370101|Strong=5921 19 הֶ֧ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_49:37!10|MId=o240490370102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=JER_49:37!10 21 רָעָ֛ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=JER_49:37!11|MId=o240490370111|Strong=7451b 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_49:37!12|MId=o240490370121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23 חֲר֥וֹן חָרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=the.burning|Ref=JER_49:37!13|MId=o240490370131|Strong=2740 24-25 אַפִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.anger|Ref=JER_49:37!14|MId=o240490370141|Strong=0639 25 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_49:37!14|MId=o240490370142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=JER_49:37!15|MId=o240490370151|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 27 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JER_49:37!16|MId=o240490370161|Strong=3068 28-29 וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_49:37!17|MId=o240490370171|Strong=2050b 29 שִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.send|Ref=JER_49:37!17|MId=o240490370172|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:240490370161;A1:240490370202;|Type=weqatal 30-31 אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אַֽחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JER_49:37!18|MId=o240490370181|Strong=0310 31 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_49:37!18|MId=o240490370182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_49:37!19|MId=o240490370191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הַחֶ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_49:37!20|MId=o240490370201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_49:37!20|MId=o240490370202|Strong=2719 35 עַ֥ד עַד ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JER_49:37!21|MId=o240490370211|Strong=5704 36-37 כַּלּוֹתִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 כַּלּוֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 29 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_49:37!22|MId=o240490370221|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:240490370222;A1:240490370232;|Type=infinitive_construct 37 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ Gloss=have.made.an.end.of|Ref=JER_49:37!22|MId=o240490370222|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 38-39 אוֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_49:37!23|MId=o240490370231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 39 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_49:37!23|MId=o240490370232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JER_49:37!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הַחְתַּתִּי *I will shatter* | weqatal · hiphil | עֵילָם *Elam* | | | | | מְבַקְשֵׁי *\[those who\] seek* | participle active · piel | | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | הֵבֵאתִי *I will bring* | weqatal · hiphil | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | | שִׁלַּחְתִּי *I will send* | weqatal · piel | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | חֶרֶב *sword* | | | | כַּלּוֹת *I* | infinitive construct · piel | ִי *have made an end of* | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶתְּבַר יַת עֵילָם קֳדָם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן וּקְדָם דְבָעָן לְמִקְטַלְהוֹן וְאַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן בִּישָׁא יַת תְּקוֹף רוּגְזִי אֲמַר יְיָ וֶאֱגָרֵי בַתְרֵיהוֹן דְקַטְלִין בְּחַרְבָא עַד דֶאֱשֵׁיצֵי יַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before them that seek their life; and I will bring evil upon them, even My fierce anger, saith the LORD; and I will send the sword after them, till I have consumed them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1328/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1216`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 49:36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.36/) - next →: [Jeremiah 49:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.38/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/49/)