--- title: Jeremiah 50:16 — Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest; For fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own land. Who acts: you, walls. Jeremiah 50:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/50/) / 50:16 # Jeremiah 50:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, walls · **What happens:** cut off, handle, turn, flee, fear · **To what, where:** sower, Babylon, sickle, one, oppressing sword This is Jeremiah 50:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, walls — and what happens in the verse to sower, Babylon, sickle, one, oppressing sword, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּרְת֤וּ זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ מַגָּ֖ל בְּעֵ֣ת קָצִ֑יר מִפְּנֵי֙ חֶ֣רֶב הַיּוֹנָ֔ה אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֻֽסוּ׃ס [Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest; For fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1346/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1234 # text = כִּרְת֤וּ זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ מַגָּ֖ל בְּעֵ֣ת קָצִ֑יר מִפְּנֵי֙ חֶ֣רֶב הַיּוֹנָ֔ה אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֻֽסוּ׃ס # verse = JER.50.16 1 כִּרְת֤וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=cut.off|Ref=JER_50:16!1|MId=o240500160011|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:240500140061;A1:240500160021;|Type=imperative 2 זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=[the].sower|Ref=JER_50:16!2|MId=o240500160021|Strong=2232|Type=participle_active 3-4 מִבָּבֶ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_50:16!3|MId=o240500160031|Strong=4480 4 בָּבֶ֔ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 1 obl _ Gloss=Babylon|Ref=JER_50:16!3|MId=o240500160032|Strong=0894 5-6 וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_50:16!4|MId=o240500160041|Strong=2050b 6 תֹפֵ֥שׂ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].wields|Ref=JER_50:16!4|MId=o240500160042|Strong=8610|Frame=A1:240500160051;|Type=participle_active 7 מַגָּ֖ל מַגָּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=(of).a.sickle|Ref=JER_50:16!5|MId=o240500160051|Strong=4038 8-9 בְּעֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JER_50:16!6|MId=o240500160061|Strong=0871a 9 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=a.time|Ref=JER_50:16!6|MId=o240500160062|Strong=6256 10 קָצִ֑יר קָצִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.harvest|Ref=JER_50:16!7|MId=o240500160071|Strong=7105 11-12 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_50:16!8|MId=o240500160081|Strong=4480 12 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_50:16!8|MId=o240500160082|Strong=6440 13 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sword|Ref=JER_50:16!9|MId=o240500160091|Strong=2719 14-15 הַיּוֹנָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_50:16!10|MId=o240500160101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יּוֹנָ֔ה יָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.oppressor|Ref=JER_50:16!10|MId=o240500160102|Strong=3238|Type=participle_active 16 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_50:16!11|MId=o240500160111|Strong=0376 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_50:16!12|MId=o240500160121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 עַמּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JER_50:16!13|MId=o240500160131|Strong=5971 19 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=JER_50:16!13|MId=o240500160132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 יִפְנ֔וּ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.turn|Ref=JER_50:16!14|MId=o240500160141|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 וְאִ֥ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_50:16!15|MId=o240500160151|Strong=2050b 22 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_50:16!15|MId=o240500160152|Strong=0376 23-25 לְאַרְצ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_50:16!16|MId=o240500160161|Strong=3807a 24 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=JER_50:16!16|MId=o240500160162|Strong=0776 25 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_50:16!16|MId=o240500160163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 יָנֻֽסוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.will.flee|Ref=JER_50:16!17|MId=o240500160171|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_50:16!17|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_50:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כִּרְתוּ *cut off* | imperative · qal | | זוֹרֵעַ *\[the\] sower* | | | | תֹפֵשׂ *\[one who\] wields* | participle active · qal | | מַגָּל *(of) a sickle* | | | | יִפְנוּ *they will turn* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָנֻֽסוּ *they will flee* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שֵׁיצוּ מַלְכָּא מִבָּבֶל וַאֲחִדוּ חַרְבָּא בְּעִדַן קְטוֹל מִן קֳדָם חֶרֶב סַנְאָה דְהִיא כַּחֲמַר מְרַוְיָא גְבַר לְעַמֵיהּ יִתְפְּנוּן וּגְבַר לְאַרְעֵיהּ יֶעְרְקוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest; For fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1346/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1234`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 50:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 50:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.17/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/50/)